Tag: Common

Commonly Used Sign- Punctuation and their Name in Perl

by scmgalaxy KPerlLeave a Comment on Commonly Used Sign- Punctuation and their Name in Perl

perl-sign-punctuation-marks

Commonly Used Sign- Punctuation and their Name in Perl

( => ) Comma Arrow  ( ‘ ’, “ ”, ‘ ‘, ” “ ) à Quotation marks
( $ ) àDollar sign ( ~ ) à Tilde
( % ) àPercent sign (  ,  ) à Comma
( @ ) à At Sign ( ; ) à Semicolon
( & ) à Ampersand Sign ( : ) à Colon
( / ) à Forward Slash/Slash sign ( ‒, –, — ) à Dash
( \ )  à Backslash/Slash Sign ( – )    à Hyphen-minus
( < )  à Less than Sign ( _ ) àunderscore
( > )  à Greater than sign ( /,  ⁄  ) à slash/stroke/solidus
( { } )  àCurly Braces ( * ) à Asterisk
( [  ] ) à Square brackets ( ^ ) à caret
( ( ) )  à Round brackets ( ¦, | ) à vertical bar/broken bar/pipe
( ′, ″, ‴ ) àprime ( 〃 ) à Ditto mark
( ! ) à Exclamation Mark ( ? ) – Question Mark
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Common unix commands and utilities | unix commands and utilities Guide

by scmgalaxy KUnix - LinuxLeave a Comment on Common unix commands and utilities | unix commands and utilities Guide

unix-commands-and-utilities

To find a program not on this list (and there are hundreds), try the man program with the -k option followed by a keyword, for example,
man -k tape
to find all on-line manual entries that refer to programs that work with tapes.

Terminal control characters for C-shell (csh)

^h, backspace erase previously typed character
^u erase entire line of input so far typed
^d end-of-input for programs reading from terminal
^s suspend writing to terminal (freezes terminal)
^q continue writing to terminal
^z suspend currently running job; restart with bg or fg
^c kill currently running program and allow clean-up before exiting
^\ emergency kill of currently running program with no chance of cleanup

Also see a list of special characters that should not be used in filenames.

Login and authentication

login access computer; start interactive session
logout disconnect terminal session
passwd change local login password; you must set a strong password that is not easily guessed
kinit obtain kerberos ticket for connections to other kerberized computers
kdestroy destroy kerberos tickets (authorizations)

Information

date show date and time
history list of previously executed commands
man show online documentation by program name
info online documentation for GNU programs
w, who who is on the system and what they are doing
whoami who is logged onto this terminal
top show system stats and top CPU using processes
uptime show one line summary of system status

File management

cat combine files
cp copy files
ls list files in a directory and their attributes
mv change file name or directory location
rm remove files
ln create another link (name) to a file
chmod set file permissions
crypt encode/decode a file with a private key
gzip, gunzip compress/decompress a file
find find files that match specific criteria

Display contents of files

cat copy files to display device
more show text file on display terminal with paging control
head show first few lines of a file(s)
tail show last few lines of a file; or reverse line order
vi full-featured screen editor for modifying text files
pico simple screen editor for modifying text files
grep display lines that match a pattern
lpr send file to printer
pr format file with page headers, multiple columns, etc.
diff compare two files and show differences
cmp compare two binary files and report if different
comm compare two files; show common or unique lines
od display binary files as eqivalent octal/hex codes
strings show printable text embedded in binary files
file examine file(s) and guess type: text, data, program, etc.
wc count characters, words, and lines in a file

Directories

cd change to new directory
mkdir create new directory
rmdir remove empty directory (you must remove files first)
mv change name of directory
pwd show current directory

Disks

df summarize free space on disk filesystems
du show disk space used by files or directories

Special character handling for C-shell (See man csh)

* match any characters in a file name
~user shorthand for home directory of user
$name substitute value of variable name
\ turn off special meaning of character that follows
‘ in pairs, quote string with special chars, except !
“ in pairs, quote string with special chars, except !, $
` in pairs, substitute output from enclosed command

Controlling program execution for C-shell (See man csh)

& run job in background
^c kill job in foreground
^z suspend job in foreground
fg restart suspended job in foreground
bg run suspended job in background
; delimit commands on same line
() group commands on same line
! re-run earlier commands from history list
jobs list current jobs
ps show process information
kill kill background job or previous process
nice run program at lower priority
at run program at a later time
crontab run program at specified intervals
limit see or set resource limits for programs
alias create alias name for program (normally used in .login file)
sh, csh execute command file

Controlling program input/output for C-shell (See man csh)

| pipe output to input
> redirect output to a storage file
< redirect input from a storage file
>> append redirected output to a storage file
tee copy input to both file and next program in pipe
script make file record of all terminal activity

Email and communication

msgs read system bulletin board messages
mailx send/read email; can be run by other programs to send exisiting files via email
uuencode
uudecode		 encode/decode a binary file for transmission via email
rn read USENET news groups

Editors and formatting utilities

sed programmable text editor for data streams
vi full-featured editor for character terminals
emacs GNU emacs editor for character terminals
xemacs GNU emacs editor for X Window terminals
pico very simple text editor
fmt fill and break lines to make all same length
fold break long lines to specified length

X Window client programs (output to X terminal or server)

xterm provide login shell window
xauth manipulate authorization files
xload show system load
xman full screen online manual viewer
xemacs GNU emacs editor
gv interface to contol gs to display PostScript or PDF files on screen
xdvi display DVI files on X Window (screen preview)
gnuplot interactive data plotting on screen

TeX typesetting system

tex process TeX files to DVI (device independent) output
latex process LaTeX files to DVI
dvips print DVI files on Postscript laser printer
xdvi display DVI files on X Window (screen preview)
latex2html translate LaTeX files to HTML (for web pages)

Printing (BSD based)

lpr send file to print queue
lpq examine status of files in print queue
lprm remove a file from print queue
enscript convert text files to PostScript format for printing

Interpreted languages and data manipulation utilities

sed programmable text editor for data streams
awk pattern scanning and processing language
perl Practical Extraction and Report Language
sort sort or merge lines in a file(s) by specified fields
tr translate characters
cut cut out columns from a file
paste paste columns into a file
dd copy data between devices; reblock; convert EBCDIC

Graphics and mapping

gnuplot interactive data plotting; outputs to PostScript or X Window
gs “ghostscript” converter displays PostScript files on X Window displays or other devices

Networking/communications

ssh remote login/command execution; encrypted
scp remote non-interactive file copy; encrypted
sftp remote interactive file copy; encrypted
telnet remote network login; plain text password – not recommended
ftp network file transfer program; plain text password – not recommended
host find IP address for given host name, or vice versa
lynx web browser for character based (text-only) terminals
gzip, gunzip compress/decompress a file
tar combine multiple files/dirs into single archive
uuencode
uudecode		 encode/decode a binary file for transmission via email

Compilers, interpreters and programming tools

csh command language interpreter (C-shell scripts)
ksh command language interpreter (Korn-shell scripts)
sh command language interpreter (Borne-shell scripts)
f77 Fortran 77 compiler
f2c convert fortran source code to C source code
gcc GNU C compiler
g++ GNU C++ compiler
dbx command-line symbolic debugger for compiled C or Fortran
make recompile programs from modified source
cflow generate C flow graph

Programming libraries (see man library_name)

lapack Fortran 77 routines for numerical linear algebra (supersedes LINPACK and EISPACK)
X routines to interface with X window system (no man page — get the X Toolkit book)
dbm database routines
xdr library routines for external data representation
netcdf routines for machine independent data representation

Tape manipulation and archiving

mt manipulate tape drive and position tape
dd unformatted tape read and write; file conversion
tar archive disk files on tape or disk
ltf read/write ANSI standard label tapes
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List of 5 Common Problems in CVS – Troubleshooting Guide

by scmgalaxy KCVSLeave a Comment on List of 5 Common Problems in CVS – Troubleshooting Guide

cvs-common-problems

List of 5 Common Problems in CVS – Troubleshooting Guide

  • Problem 1:- How will we modify our conflict occurred files ?

While updating if you will get message like bellow, then check,

This will list:

* “A filename” for files that you added
* “M filename” for files that you modified
* “C filename” for files that have conflicts

Conflicts are files that you modified and that were modified on the head revision as well.

@ If u ll get C or conflict then go to that file and remove that lines and duplicate line then it will recover, it because, if more than two developer working on same file and comming on same time then conflict occures,

Files with conflicts will have conflict markers in them. Conflict markers look like:

<<<<<<< filename
your lines
=======
other person’s lines
>>>>>>> current version

  • Problem 2:-

If you are using your colleague’s checked out code for some changes, after that If you made any changes in code and then if you will try to check-in the code in CVS from your machine,after that if  it will ask your colleague’s password for checking-in. So How will we resolve this one ?

Soln:-
Please fine the CVS dir on your present code directory, then go to CVS dirctory, there, you will find Entries, Root, Repository like files , So now open that Rot file and change that username then your problem will solve, else let me know.
Steps:
cd CVS
vim Root
edit present urername to your username
@cvs:
:wq   // save and quit
cd ..  // come to parent directory
then do your work ..
it will fine

  • Problem 3:-
    Is there any way to identify the information of deleted lines in a file through CVS annotate or any other means?

Soln:-

         You deleted from CVS or local server ? if u deleted from both server then i have to see, else if u deleted from      either local server or CVS server  then do “cvs -q up -Pd  “

else do “ cvs -q up -Pd -r  ” .

  •  Problem4:-

           When I view the “cvs log”, the log report is fetching the file but says

            “date: 2008/12/31 06:00:51;  author: amareshcd;  state: Exp;  lines: +0 -0”
But I have added with 130 lines. Why the log is not showing “+130 -0” in its report.   ?

Soln:-

Use ,“cvs log -d date1 logfile.log”

  •  Problem5:-

        I have files that went into the Attic.  How do I restore them back? Viewing  the files  revealed that they’re in DEAD State. Someone has ‘cvs remove’d the files. Just restore them with ‘cvs add’. How ?

Soln:-

Step1:-
cvs log
Step2:-
Find til newest non-dead version
step 3:-
cvs update -r
step4:-
mv foo
step 5:-
cvs update -A
step 6:-
mv foo
step 7:-
cvs add
step 8:-
cvs commit -m “bring out your dead”

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Share common projects with two different projects in CVS

by scmgalaxy KCVSLeave a Comment on Share common projects with two different projects in CVS

projects-in-cvs

Share common projects with two different projects in CVS If there are two or more projects in the repository, some of the files are common in these two projects and some are different.How to share the files that are same between these projects? How can archive this? How Changes in common files be reflected to both projects. Version of CVS 2.5.03  

Answer: The CVSROOT/modules2 file or the older CVSROOT/modules file can help with this sort of thing:

http://cvsnt.org/manual/html/Administrative-files.html#modulesOrhttp://cvsnt.org/manual/html/modules2.html  

Generally the best CM independent solution is to organise your project source code hierarchy within the CM tool in such a way that ‘common’code is in a project/module/directory of it’s own so it can be checked out and managed independently of other projects, ie:  

/repo/proja 

/repo/projb 

/repo/common 

Then you define a module where ‘projecta’ = ‘proja’+’common’ so when a person does ‘cvs co projecta’ they  get: 

/projecta/proja 

/projecta/common 

If your server is running on Linux then you can ‘cheat’ by simply symbolically linking the RCS file into two directories (though this may cause locking conflicts if the files are very busy).   

Thanks to:Arthur Barrett 

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