Hi, my loving friends. Welcome to this course. In this article, I will explain to you about the next-gen project. This is the new feature of Jira and atlas Sian introduced it in the year 2018 so, let’s have a look at the agenda of this content. In this, we will learn what are the next-gen projects, how to create next-gen projects? How can we create issues and add issue types in next-gen projects and how to configure the board? So. Let’ start.

What are the next-gen projects?

Next-gen projects are the newest projects in Jira software and it is only available on the cloud platform to the server one. If you are using a server the server platform and you wouldn’t be able to sit. The third one is configured by project team members. Any team member with the project’s admin role can modify the setting of their next-gen projects. There is no need to take the help of the Jira administrator to add the issue types and to add some fields to your screen. The Fourth one is it is easier and faster to configure than classic projects. You can easily configure setting like issue types and fields with drag-and-drop editing and reordering all in a single place because the best part of next-gen projects is the ability to enable and disable the features and it allows you to scale your projects as your team grows and tailor your projects to your team changing needs so, this is the best thing in the next-gen projects. And before going forward, I would like to tell you one more thing like atlas Sian is building the next-gen Jira software from the ground up.

How to create next-gen projects?

So, it doesn’t yet have all the features that classic projects have. And they are a lot of differences between the next-gen and the classic projects like if I’m talking about the configurations then in the classic projects. We are able to share the configurations from one project to another. But in the next gen, you can’t share it. If you did some configurations for the particular projects in the next-gen, you wouldn’t be able to share that configuration with another project. And there are many more like estimations in the classic projects, you have the options, you can give the estimations in story point in your basis but in the next-gen, there is only one option is available and that is a story point. If you will go to the next-gen cloud instance and see how can you create the next-gen projects and configure them? There will be your cloud instance and you will create the next-gen projects from there. You will see that there will be two options are available one is classic and the other is next-gen. if that particular option is created out for you then this is the permission issue so, before creating the next-gen project. I would like to tell you about the permission so, once you will click on the Jira setting and go to the global permissions, there will be your global permission schema, and create next-gen project option will be there. At the time, you will have permission to create the next-gen project. You will click on the next-gen project and you will see the interface is similar to the classic.

You can simply change the template from there but you will see only two templates are available one is scrum and another one is Kanban. If you will go with Kanban and name the project, you will see the access option (open, limited, private) and project key as a classic one. If you want to change the project key then you can do it there. You will go forward to clicking the create button then the next-gen project board will appear which would be similar to the classic one but what is the difference and how can you identify that this is the next-gen project but what will happen? If you will haven’t created it yet you didn’t create it. Maybe, you are using the project which is created by another one. You will see in the bottom line that you are in the next-gen project. You can find out and identify that you are using the next-gen project. You will see there are the options which are roadmap, board, pages, add an item, and project setting. A Roadmap is a good option which is given by the next-gen project. I will discuss this later in the course. I hope this will give you exact direction in the way of your Jira learning and about its next-gen project. So, you will stay tuned with this course for further next information regarding Jira next-gen project.

Related Video:

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In this blog, you will discuss about the Azure Administrator and learn how to become a Microsoft Azure Administrator:

Who is an Azure Administrator?

Azure administrators manage cloud services that span storage, security, networking, and also compute cloud capabilities. The certification is a role-based and validates ability to implement, monitor and maintain Microsoft Azure solutions, including major services related to compute, storage, network, and security.

If you planning to enter in this profession, then you must clear the AZ-104 Microsoft Azure Administration certification exam first. You will learn about az-104 in detail further in the blog.

Azure Professional Skills

If you want yourself in Azure-based profession, than you must have skills that you need to acquire, such as comfortable working with UNIX, Windows, and other operating systems, setting up cloud systems, balancing and deploying workloads, and more.

Skills that you need to acquire to become an Azure professional:

• In-depth knowledge of Cloud Computing services.
• Understanding of functions in databases, servers, networking, and software in the cloud.
• Knowledge of Microsoft and familiar working with Microsoft 365 and PowerShell.
• Knowledge of at least one programming language.
• Should have clear the Azure Administrator certification exam conducted by Microsoft.

Azure Administrator Certification AZ-104

AZ-104 is one of the latest exams released by Microsoft in year 2020 which is the replacement of AZ-103. Once you clear the AZ-104 exam, Microsoft will reward you with the Azure Administrator Associate certification. Talking about this certification price, it is about US$165, and you have to pay the same for every next attempt.

Azure Administrator Jobs

As per the records, there are over 51,000 vacancies for Azure professionals, all in the leading companies in the United States. In India, there are more than 19,000 job openings for these experts.

Following are some of the job profiles related to Azure that recruiters hire the most:

• Azure Administrator
• System Administrator
• Azure Cloud Solutions Consultant
• Azure Customer Engineer
• Azure Services Sales Specialist
• Azure Technical Support
• Azure Cloud Engineer
• Azure Systems Engineer
• Cloud Architect
• Azure AD Engineer

Clearing this Azure Administrator certification exam is very important to get any of the job roles mentioned. But after all this, for getting selected for these jobs, you must also prepare a good Azure Administrator resume, consisting of all the demanding skills mentioned in the job description.

Let’s take a look at some of the job descriptions so that you understand the roles better.

Why you should get Microsoft Azure Certification?

Everybody want a good career with handsome income.  According to the recent studies, Azure Administrator jobs salary in India is approximately ₹563,000 per annum, which is much higher than most of the other IT salaries. These professionals’ salary range in India is between ₹333,000 and ₹1,307,000 per year.

Azure Administrator Associate is one of three role-based certifications taking its place. In every aspect of IT, cloud plays an important role. Most of the organizations have some dependency on a cloud platform and most of these companies use Microsoft Azure as a part of their cloud infrastructure to host their services as part of an efficient, highly-scalable architecture.

To remain competitive in IT domain, cloud almost certainly needs to be part of someone skillset. The Azure Administrator Associate certification is for individuals who is looking to enhance their current career or are looking to get into a new role as an Azure cloud administrator.

Exam Structure

Conclusion

So, If you want to prepare for the Azure Administration exam from Microsoft and become proficient in this domain than this blog provide you knowledge about who these professionals are, the necessary skills in this domain, the certification that you need to clear to get into this field, the job opportunities available after clearing the certification, and more. Now the question is where I can get Certification with quality learning and hands-on projects and many more. For this I would like to suggest you DevOpsScool, one of the best and leading institute for AZ-104 Certification, with best expert. Guide you throughout your learning and provide you best support you want.

Thank you!!

The post How to become Microsoft Certified Azure Administrator AZ-104? appeared first on scmGalaxy.

su: Acquiring Superuser Status
# su  :- Acquire  Superuser after entering password but home directory does not change
# su – l :– Acquire Superuser access after password but home  directory change to ROOT
# su  – henry : – To  Login and Recreate a user environment
# sudo -s root -c “/bin/bash -l”

passwd – Changing any Password
# passwd henry
stat <fileName>

ulimit – Setting Limits on file size
ulimit command impost a restriction on the maximum size of a file that a user is permitted to create
# ulimit 20971510                             This is often placed in /etc/profile. Measured in 512 byte blocks

umask – Please refer user manual

Source
The source command in shell is used to execute commands from a file in the current shell. This is useful to load function or variables stored in another file.
# source filename
# source /path/to/file

locate

To locate any files in system. This works based on updatedb.

# locate

# updatedb     Run as a root.File location is /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db

which
shows the full path of (shell) commands

od
od command dumps a file in octal, decimal, and other formats.

# od -c special-chars.txt

# od -bc special-chars.txt

chkconfig
chkconfig command is used to setup, view, or change services that are configured to start automatically during the system startup.

The –list option displays all the services with the current startup configuration status.
# chkconfig –list
To view only the services that are configured to be started during system startup, do the following. Please note that this assumes that your system startup level is 3
# chkconfig –list | grep 3:on
To display the current settings for a selected service only, use chkconfig –list followed by the name of the service:
# chkconfig –list service_name

To enable a service in runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5, type the following at a shell prompt as root.
# chkconfig service_name on
To disable a service in runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5, type the following at a shell prompt as root.
# chkconfig service_name off

# chkconfig network –level 3 && echo “Network service is configured for level 3”
# chkconfig network –level 1 && echo “Network service is configured for level 1”

To view the startup configuration of a particular service, grep the output of ‘chkconfig –list’ for that service.
# chkconfig –list | grep network

Add a new Service to the Startup
# chkconfig –add iptables

To remove it from the startup list, use the –del option as shown below.
# chkconfig –del ip6tables

How to install services?

Step 1. Copy the script into /etc/init.d/ such as /etc/init.d/httpd

Step 2. chkconfig --add httpd

http://bitnami.org/article/how-to-install-services-on-linux

service
# service network restart
OR
# /etc/init.d/network restart

To start Linux network service:
# service network start

To stop Linux network service:
# service network stop

date – Setting the system Date
# date MMDDhhmm

groupadd
# groupadd –g 241 dba               The command place entry in /etc/group which can also insert manually(dba:x:241). 241 is GID of dba

useradd
# useradd –u 210 –g dba –c “The RDBMS” –d /home/oracle –s /bin/bash –m username

usermod
# usermod –s /bin/csh username

userdel
# userdel username

shutdown
# shutdown 17:30                         Shutdown at 17:30
# shutdown –r now                     Shutdown immediately and reboot
# shutown –r 17:30                      Shutdown immediately and reboot at 17:30
# shutown –h now                       Shutdown immediately and halt
# shutown –h 17:30                     Shutdown at 17:30
# shutdown –c                               Cancel the shutdown
Reboot / Poweroff / halt

df
The df (disk free) command lets you see if file systems are full.

• To see how much free space is in all file systems (including mounted ones), use df
• To see how much free space is in all file systems with names containing “dev”, use df | grep dev
• To see how much free space is in your home file system, use df /home
• To see how much free space is in the file system “tmp”, use df /tmp
• To see if there is enough free space on the machine, check the output from the following

# df /usr,
# df /var
# df -k /tmp /home                                          -k Reports in units of KB
# df –h / /usr                                                       -h reports in MB, GB

du -Disk usage
# du  /home/sales/tml
# du –s /home/*                                               -s options for summary disk usage information for tml directory
# du –sh /home                                                 -h options for reports in MB , GB
# find /home –size +1024 –print                                     Files above 1MB
# find /home –size +1024 –size -4096 – print             Files above 1Mb and below 4MB

mount / unmount

Using file for incremental Backup
# tar –cvf /dev/rct0 `find /home –type f –newer .last_time –print`
# touch .last_time
# tar –cvf /dev/rct0 /home > homelist `date “+%d%b%y”`

xrags

xargs vs. exec {}

Remote machine Login: telnet, rlogin
telnet
rlogin

Secure Login with password: ssh
ssh

Remote login without Password: rsh
rsh

File Transfer: ftp, rcp, scp
rcp

scp

ftp
ftp rajesh-servers – How to Login
Directory Commands:
# cd [directory] Changes to the specified directory on the remote system.
# dir Displays a long listing of files on the remote system.
# ls Displays a short listing of the files on the remote system.
# lcd Changes the working directory on the local system.
# pwd Displays the working directory on the remote system.
File Transfer Commands:
# get [filename] Downloads a single file from the remote system.
# put [filename] Uploads a single file to the remote system.
# mget [file…] Downloads multiple files from the remote system.
# mput [file…] Uploads multiple files to the remote system.

Generic troubleshooting tips

• Use tail –f to watch log file in real time, advantage is simple you can spot error or warning message in real time.
  tail –f /path/to/log/file
  Example(s):
  # tail –f /var/log/maillog
• Use telnet command to see if you get response or not. Sometime you will also see some informative message:
  telnet ip port

Example(s):
# telnet localhost 53
# telnet localhost 25

• Make sure you can see PID of your service.
  pidof service-name
  cat /var/run/service.pid
  Example(s):
  # pidof sshd
  # cat /var/run/sshd.pid
• You need to make sure that your DNS server or third party DNS server (ISP) is accessible. This is an important step, as many network services depend upon DNS; especially sendmail/postfix or Squid etc for example. Run dig or nslookup. No timeout should occurred.
  
  # dig your-domain.com
  # nslookup gw.isp.com
  # more /etc/resolv.conf

Performance /  Memory / CPU / Process check
ps – Read user manual

w username –  Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing. w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.

top
The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system i.e. actual process activity. By default, it displays the most CPU-intensive tasks running on the server and updates the list every five seconds.

uptime
tell How Long The System Has Been Running

free – Memory Usage
The command free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel.
# free –m                                                            Display free memory size in MB
# free -t –m                                                        Displays a line containing the totals memory in MB

vmstat

Linux Performance Monitoring using iostat, mpstat and vmstat

iostat

pmap

mpstat 

# strace & truss – Debug the Execution of a Program in Linux
Trace the Execution of an Executable
# strace ls

Save the Trace Execution to a File Using Option -o
strace -o output.txt ls

Execute Strace on a Running Linux Process Using Option -p
# ps -C firefox-bin To get the process id
# sudo strace -p 1725 -o firefox_trace.txt

Print Relative Time for System Calls Using Option -r
# strace -r ls

Networking troubleshooting tips

Hostname verification or setup tools

• hostname : To get hostname of server.
• hostname –s : To get FQDN hostname of server
• more /etc/sysconfig/network : To setup hostname and networking can enable or disabled.
• dnsdomainname : List or setup domainname.
• more /etc/hosts : Make sure at least localhost entry do exist.

Ethernet configuration tools

service network reload|restart|stop|start : To reload (after changed made in ip config file)|restart|stop|start network interface with all properties.

route
The route command allows you to add static routes to the routing tabling.

traceroute (tracert in Windows)
Traceroute displays the routers that are passed through to reach the destination.

dmesg
When the system boots up, it prints number of messages on the screen that displays information about the hardware devices that the kernel detects during boot process.
These messages are available in kernel ring buffer and whenever the new message comes the old message gets overwritten. You could see all those messages after the system bootup using the dmesg command.

# dmesg | more

# dmesg | grep Memory

# dmesg  | grep eth

ifconfig
The ifconfig command is used to display the local interface configuration (winipcfg for Windows) and to modify the configuration.
ifconfig eth0 up|down : To enable|disable network interface

netstat
The network status command netstat displays status information about the network interfaces on the host machine. Netstat command displays the network related information such as network connections, routing tables, interface statistics.
-a                Show both listening and non-listening sockets
-n                prints the numeric forms of IP address

# netstat -ain                                  Local interface status
# netstat -rn                                    Routing table information
# netstat –an                                  Display Active Internet Connections and domain sockets using netstat
# netstat -tap                                 Display Active Connections with Process ID and Program Name
# netstat –-route                          Display Routing Table
# netstat –statistics –raw         Display RAW network statistics
# netstat –tcp –numeric           List of TCP connection to and from the machine.
netstat -tuplin                                UNIX

iptables

To know which ports are running in the machine.
ping
The ping command allows you to determine that the:

• TCP/IP stack is configured properly
• Network interface card is configured properly
• Default gateway and subnet mask is configured properly
• Domain name services is configured properly.

# ping ipaddress to check if the ip address in connected with network and if host is alive or dead
# ping 127.0.0.1/localhost – to check TCP/IP services is running properly or not. Checks that your TCP/IP stack is working properly up to the NIC. If this fails, check to see if you have TCP/IP services loaded.
# ping “IP address of default gateway” – Checks that the NIC is working on the local subnet by pinging the local side of the default gateway which is a router. If this fails, check that TCP/IP is bound to the NIC. Then check that the NIC’s IRQ, and base address are set properly both on the card itself and in the operating system’s interface configuration.
# ping “domain name” if DNS name is correctly configured. If it fails, check that the DNS server’s IP address is entered in properly in the TCP/IP configuration.

arp

address resolution protocol

# arp   – To see the IP to MAC address translation table
# arp -a  -Use this command to see the IP to MAC address translation table if you are having problems connecting to other network hosts. It is a dynamic cache which updates every 120 seconds.

# more /etc/modules.conf : To see your network card configuration alias for eth0 exists or not.
# lsmod : To list loaded modules (read as drivers), here you need to see that eth0 module is loaded or not, if not loaded then use insmod to insert (load) driver.
# dhclient : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client, run this if your Ethernet card is not getting ip from DHCP box on startup; this command does by default shows useful information.

To see if service blocked because of access control
# iptables –n –L : To list all iptable rules; useful to see if firewall blocks service or not.
# service iptables stop|start : To start|stop iptables
# more /etc/xinetd.conf

sar
sar is an excellent monitoring tool that displays performance data of pretty much every resource of the system including CPU, memory, IO, paging, networking, interrupts etc., Sar Collects, Reports (displays) and Saves the performance data.

# sar –u | more         Display CPU Statistics using Sar Command
# sar –d | more         Display Disk IO Statistics using sar command
# sar -n DEV | more Display networking Statistics using sar command
# sar -n SOCK |more Display networking Statistics using sar command
# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 | more   To display the network counters from the 24th
# sar 4 5                                             You can also display real time usage using sar

lsof
lsof stands for “ls open files”, which will list all the open files in the system. The open files include network connection, devices and directories. The output of the lsof command will have the following columns:

COMMAND process name.
PID process ID
USER Username
FD file descriptor
TYPE node type of the file
DEVICE device number
SIZE file size
NODE node number
NAME full path of the file name.

# lsof | more              View all open files of the system
# lsof | wc -l                How many files are open in the system at any given point
# lsof –u ramesh       View open files by a specific user. A system administrator can use this command to get some idea on what users are executing on the system.
# lsof /bin/vi               it displays all users who are currently using vi

Some external Tools
iptraf – Real-time Network Statistics
tcpdump  – Detailed Network Traffic Analysis
Nagios – Server And Network Monitoring
Cacti – Web-based Monitoring Tool
KDE System Guard – Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
Gnome System Monitor – Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
nmap – scan your server for open ports.
lsof – list open files, network connections and much more.
ntop web based tool – ntop is the best tool to see network usage in a way similar to what top command does for processes i.e. it is network traffic monitoring software. You can see network status, protocol wise distribution of traffic for UDP, TCP, DNS, HTTP and other protocols.
Conky – Another good monitoring tool for the X Window System. It is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage,
temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail inboxes etc.
GKrellM – It can be used to monitor the status of CPUs, main memory, hard disks, network interfaces, local and remote mailboxes, and many other things.
vnstat – vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor. It keeps a log of hourly, daily and monthly network traffic for the selected interface(s).
htop – htop is an enhanced version of top, the interactive process viewer, which can display the list of processes in a tree form.
mtr – mtr combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic tool.

yum
Rsync
rpm – Refer Cheat Book

Some Well known System services
QUICK DNS Flush                             /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart
/Proc file system – Various Kernel Statistics
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
# cat /proc/meminfo
# cat /proc/zoneinfo
# cat /proc/mounts

Questions
What is MASK in output of ifconfig
Understand the output of ifconfig in linux such as RX packets and TX packets
Set ip address using commands line

Change Host name in RHEL
Changes should be made in the following files.
/etc/hosts
/etc/sysconfig/network

For finding your java process
jps -v      For finding your java process.
jstack PID  To Get stack of threads inside jvm

If application running under different user than yourself
sudo jps -v
sudo jstack 6172

The post Linux Commands for Administrator | Linux Admin Commands Reference appeared first on scmGalaxy.

Main Responsibilities of the Linux System Administrator is as follows:

1. Maintaining User Accounts
2. Security
3. Managing the disk space and Backup
4. Provisiom the new Linux Server based on the need
5. Linux Server Updates and Patching
6. Authentication and Authorization Management
7. Trubleshooting of Linux Severs and QA Deployments
8. Managing the Large number of VMS in VMWARE
9. Montoring all the vms and their health
10. Montoring Major Important Services
11. Backup & Restore all the imporant data of the servers
12. Server and OS process monitoring
13. Disk managment and montoring

The Administrator’s Privileges:

1. Change the contents or attributes of any file like its permission and ownership
2. He can delete any file eith rm even if it is write-protected.
3. Initiate or Kill Any Process
4. Change any user’s password without knowing the existing one
5. Set the system clock with date
6. Limit the maximum size of files that users are permitted to create with ulimlit
7. Controls users access to the scheduling services like at and cron
8. Control users access to many networking services like Telnet, FTP, etc

The post Main Responsibilities of the Linux System Administrator | What Linux System Administrators do ? appeared first on scmGalaxy.