Polymorphism, as its name implies, comes in a variety of forms. OOP allows for the use of a variety of techniques I. Simply expressed, they have to do with how methods are used, and how different methods operate for different objects. Method Overriding and Method Overloading are two ways that polymorphic methods allow for different actions to be done.

The benefits of Polymorphism are:

• Objects of different types can be passed through the same interface
• Method overriding
• Method overloading

Method Overriding:- Overriding is used in the polymorphism of runtime. By overriding a parent class’s method, a child class can implement a different method. In the case of our dogs, we may prefer a specific type of bark that is distinct from the generic type of dog (TrackingDog).

Example:-

Method Overloading:- Overloading is used at the polymorphic build time. Although methods and functions may have the same name, the call method has its own set of arguments. Different results may be obtained depending on the number of parameters entered.

Example:- There are no parameters supplied to the updateAttendance() method. The count will be added one day. When the updateAttendance(4) argument is used, the x xupdateAttendance(x) parameter is used, and four days are added to the total.

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Abstraction in OOP allows information/access about how codes are applied to be concealed, allowing just the required access. These details may be found in the object definitions. A famous example is the counting approach that works with list items. One thing to keep in mind is that, given the same OOP concept, all Python I data types and structures are objects. In this sense, a list is a class that has methods for completing tasks.

What is the Function of Abstraction?

Abstraction use simpler high-level instruments to get access to a complex object:

• Using simple things to represent complexity
• Hide complex details from user

Abstraction also serves a significant security role. We only present selected data items and provide data access via classes and methods to protect the data from being exposed. In the case of an automobile, an open gas tank would make it impossible to continue driving.

There are some benefits of abstraction which is mention below:

• Simple, high level user interfaces
• Complex code is hidden
• Security
• Easier software maintenance
• Code updates rarely change abstraction

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In OOP, the concept of inheritance allows a class to accept or have the properties of another class (inherited). A sub-class or derived class is a class that inherits the characteristics/methods of another class. Heritage reduces code redundancy, allowing the class to use other class methods without having to rewrite the code. This allows for dynamic programming using the main class’s methods (also called the parent class). A subclass has the same properties as a primary class, but it can also have additional methods that are either completely independent or not present in the main class.

What is the Function of Inheritance?

Children’s classes may be built to enhance the parent’s class functionality and add more characteristics once essential properties and behaviors have been defined in the parent’s class.

Example:-

This distinction is demonstrated by creating a parent class child class(HerdingDog) (Dog) and then adding a single herd() behaviour.

The following code shows how the child class (HerdingDog) inherits a parent class method (bark) (Dog), and the child class adds an extra method herd().

When the code uses the fluffy.bark() function, the method bark() travels up the child’s chain to find out where the bark method is declared.

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Oops concept reduces code repetition. Classes are templates for creating objects.

For an example, if we see a game take it as a Racing game where we will be having multiple cars which will be running there. So in this case either we have to write codes for each car individually or else we can create a class for car and then we can use it multiple times for the other class with that class name.

A class is a self-contained, independent collection of variables and functions which work together to perform one or more specific tasks, while objects are individual instances of a class.

We can see an example given below:

References:

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