What is AWS Certified Solution Architect?

An AWS Certified Solutions Architect is a cloud computing professional who designs the building of an organization’s cloud assets and plans implementation of the design. The depth knowledge and understanding used to develop technical cloud plan that means they are much in demand. The AWS Solutions Architect also benefits the cloud relocation, trade with high-risk security and workload architecture problems.

An AWS certified architect has an individual set of people and technical skills that include:-

• The listening and understanding business requirements.
• The ability to integrate information.
• The ability to communicate with people at all levels of cloud knowledge from none to expert.
• The decision making on best tools to meet requirements.
• The basic programming, like Terraform (HCL), Cloud Formation, Python, Bash.
• The cybersecurity understanding and interest.
• The deep cloud architecture knowledge and experience.
• The understanding of software development lifecycle.
• The knowledge of continuous integration processes.
• The knowledge of continuous deployment (CICD).
• The database skills.

Who should take this exam?

The AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate is intended for anyone with one or more years of good experience in designing with available, low cost, fault-tolerant, and scalable separate systems on AWS. But before you take this exam you should go through some points:-

One year of good experience with AWS technology, with using computer, networking, storage, and database AWS services as well as AWS deployment and management services.

• The experience deploying, managing, and operating workloads on AWS as well as applying security controls and compliance requirements.
• The knowledge with using both the AWS Management Support and the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI).
• The understanding of the AWS Well-Architected Outline, AWS networking, security services, and the AWS global infrastructure.
• The Skill to classify which AWS services meet a given practical requirement and to define technical requirements for an AWS-based application.

Roles & Responsibilities:-

The major roles and responsibilities of a Solutions Architect are:-

• The conducting architectural analysis, and style of enterprise-wide systems.
• The ensuring the delivery of strong system solutions by the appliance architecture team to the architect business.
• The developing, enhancing, and maintaining established process and procedure of service design for assuring appropriate and robust service design.
• The work with the enterprise architect for creating sure the architecture and strategic blueprints are complied with.
• By starting a part of a high-performance solution architecture team that ropes the developmental effort of a business-oriented project.
• The planning, designing, and executing complex company level solution configuration.
• The preparation and presentation of a test plan, lab reports, technical presentations, and analyst briefings for covering different solution areas.
• The collaborating with the IT development team for ensuring suitable translation of architectural solutions into robust and effective implementation.
• By identifying the customer requirements, analyse the alternatives, and conduct product recommendations related to the platform, software, and network configurations.
• The initiate contact with the client to provide a complete team effort.

What Do AWS Solutions Architects Do?

There are many vital core services that an AWS Solutions Architect that must have to get the job done. Let us take a look:-

• They Meet With You:

But before the work begins, an AWS solution architect that will meet with you and your team to learn about your needs and any problems you have with your existing systems. This type of practical discovery is likely to involve a series of face-to-face onsite and remote meetings.

Your AWS solution Architect will come into contact with many members of your organization as your cloud journey progresses. Utmost particularly, the key decision-makers and people with little or no technical knowledge.

• They Dive Deep Into the Details:

Now the stimulating part begins. Your AWS solution architect will work with your in-house IT teams to create a climbable cloud solution that is both secure and easy to uphold.

An AWS solution Architect uses software to make diagrams of your target cloud architecture. It means that you get a clear and precise picture of how your applications and other infrastructure will work once completed in AWS.

A capable AWS has impeccable time management assistances. Not only do they listen to your needs, but they can also write scripts, work on relocations, troubleshoot, find and rectify disorganisations, and stay up to date with new AWS features.

• They Work with You Throughout Every Step of the Project:

The final aim of the AWS Solution architect is to provide you with a secure, hardy, cost-effective, climbable, and working solution that’s easy to manage.

In this volume, architects produce designs and plans for application based on technical discovery meetings. They will classify the best technology for you and make choices to create the best possible solution.

At every step, the architect mentions back to their client’s input and needs. The communication is a crucial part of the process.

• They Ensure a Timely and Cost-Effective Solution That Meets Your Business Objectives:

An AWS solution architect’s role is to provide customers with a reasonable and cost-efficient solution that’s delivered on time. Any of the business, and whatever its size, is concerned with its lowest line. You solution architect will be aware of this and scale your solution accordingly.

It is an AWS Solution Architect’s role to take project limits into accounts, such as budget, time, resources, risk, and scope.

Benefits of AWS Certified Solution Architect?

If you are conscious of what AWS is and its different benefits that you will get after completing the certification, you would not be giving force to know toward know the scope and advantages of this course. Because everyone knows that AWS is the leading cloud service provider because of its cost-effective service which helps every organization to grow. Not only the cost-effective but also its service scalable and ideal for different business sizes. Also, its method to follow difficult security measures to safeguard, maintain, and monitor the data centre makes it the best option to use cloud service. And not to reference, this is the reason AWS is ruling the list of cloud service providers. So, if you are eager to learn cloud technologies and invest your time to grow your skills, there is no better option rather than choosing the AWS Solutions Architect Associate course.

The certifications always play an important role in any profession. It is considered as one of the best way to control one’s reliability and worth in the professional career. The same thing is applicable in DevOps, if you are a certified AWS professional then you will get certain benefits:-

• The AWS Certified Professional certification assures recruiters that the AWS professional whom we are going to hire has the skills, knowledge, and capability to perform the tasks expected from them after hiring.
• The AWS as technology is controlling the job market. The AWS engineer ranks 2nd on Glassdoor’s best jobs rankings. The role of AWS certified professional has seen a 200% jump in postings on indeed” according to SD times report.
• This certified course helps anyone who seeks to make a career as an AWS professional.
• The AWS Certified Engineer is one of the most highly paid job roles in the world. The Pascale even for junior-level AWS practitioners is little bit high.

Conclusion:-

I hope this article enhances you about the concept of AWS Certified Solution Architect. The AWS solution architect is a cloud computing professional who designs the building of an organization’s cloud assets and plans implementation of the design. The depth knowledge and understanding used to develop technical cloud plan that means they are much in demand. And if you want to want to learn AWS then you should see this video.

Thank You!

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What is Prometheus with Grafana?

Prometheus could be an observance answer for storing time-series knowledge like metrics. Grafana permits visualizing the information keep in Prometheus and different sources. This sample demonstrates the way to capture NServiceBus metrics, storing these in Prometheus and visualizing these metrics victimization Grafana.

Why do we need Prometheus with Grafana?

The combination of OSS grafana and Prometheus is turning into an additional and additional common observation stack utilized by DevOps groups for storing and visualizing statistic information. Prometheus acts because of the storage backend and open supply grafana because of the interface for analysis and visual image.

How does Prometheus work with Grafana?

Prometheus acts because of the storage backend and open supply grafana because of the interface for analysis and visual image. Prometheus collects metrics from monitored targets by scraping metrics from HTTP endpoints on these targets. handily, Prometheus exposes a large sort of metrics that will be simply monitored.

Key Features of Grafana and Prometheus

Key features of Grafana include-

• Alert systems.
• Unifies your data.
• Dashboard sharing.

Prometheus excels in features like-

• Provides time series data.
• Flexible query language, PromQL allows users to select data in real-time.
• Multi-dimensional data model.

Key Strengths of the Grafana and Prometheus

Following are the key strengths of Grafana-

• Analytics and monitoring tool.
• Visualizing system CPU, memory, I/O utilization metrics.
• Creating custom dashboards.
• Integration with tools like Prometheus, Graphite, InfluxDB, MySQL.

Below mentioned are the key strengths for Prometheus-

• Supports machine-centric and service-oriented architecture monitoring.
• Availability of viewing statistics of a system.
• Efficient storage.

Prometheus and Grafana Training and Certification

Prometheus is in style open-source observance and alerting tool with attention to dependableness and ease. The computer code was developed as a result of the requirement to observe varied microservices that may be running in your system. Prometheus is written within the Go language, and it ships with simply divided binaries that one will use to urge it to run as quickly as attainable.

DevOpsSchool places each leap forward to instruct participants from basic to Advance level courses of Prometheus. we’ve got well-experienced trainers and Instructors United Nations agency hold recognition within the IT business. Our mentors offer support to candidates whereas learning and thru coaching.

Agenda of the Prometheus with Grafana

About the course: Prometheus with Grafana

Our instructor-led Prometheus and Grafana coaching course can enable you to explore and learn to form observability solutions to observe and visualize the performance and health standing of your distributed systems, apps, and containerized clusters.

Practical active exercises can offer you the talents to place in situ effective metrics, dashboards, and alerts therefore you’ll be able to make sure the performance and strength of the platforms you support like Docker, Kubernetes, and more.

This course is out there as a part of a wider educational program or as a customizable standalone workshop – seek advice from us concerning however we will tailor your coaching to suit in together with your existing skills, your current school stack, and your learning goals.

Through custom coaching, we will show you how to install, assemble and deploy Prometheus and/or Grafana to live the performance and health of platforms as well as Kubernetes, Docker, Puppet, Spring Boot, Node …the list is large.

Conclusion

We have seen that Grafana provides a seamless thanks to connecting with the Prometheus knowledge supply and it provides nice visualization through queries. attempt it out mistreatment the DevOpsSchool, where you’ll be able to use Grafana right in our internet platform. Also, book a demo and consult with us directly. We’re forever happy to speak regarding your company’s observance wants.

Thank you!

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TypeScript lets you write JavaScript the method you actually want to. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that amasses to plain JavaScript. A TypeScript is a pure object concerned with classes, interfaces, and statically typed like C# or Java. Mastering TypeScript can support programmers to write object-oriented programs and have them compiled to JavaScript, both on the client-side and server-side.

TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. It is pure object-oriented with classes, interfaces, and statically typed programming languages like C# or Java. You will need a compiler to compile and generate the code in the file. Basically, TypeScript is the ES6 version of JavaScript with some additional features.

TypeScript used for:

TypeScript remains a superset of the JavaScript language that devises a single open-source compiler and is developed mostly using a single vendor Microsoft. The goalmouth of TypeScript is to help catch faults first through a type system and to variety JavaScript development more proficient.

Why do we need TypeScript?

TypeScript simplifies JavaScript code, making it easier to read and correct. TypeScript offers highly creative development tools for JavaScript IDEs and performs, like static checking. TypeScript creates code easier to read and comprehend. Using TypeScript, we can create a huge development over basic JavaScript.

What do I need to learn to use TypeScript?

TypeScript is basically a JS linter. Or, JS with certification that the compiler can understand. Therefore, indifference to other languages comparable to CoffeeScript which enhances syntactic sugar, or else PureScript which does not look similar to JavaScript at all, you do not need to learn a ration to start writing TypeScript code. Kinds in TS are optional, and all JS file is an effective TypeScript file. But the compiler will protest if you have type mistakes in your first files, it does stretch you back to a JavaScript file that works as it did before. Anywhere you are, TypeScript will meet you there, and then it is informal to build up your skills progressively.

How to get started with TypeScript?

To compile your TS code, you need to install tsc short for the TypeScript compiler. The easiest way to do it is over the terminal. This can remain done simply through npm by using the following command:

If you want to use TypeScript with Visual Studio Code, there is a handy guide on their website.

Once you have installed tsc, you can compile your files with tsc filename.ts.

Migrating your files from JavaScript to TypeScript

Let’s say that we want to change the following JavaScript file to TypeScript due to odd behavior:

Good news. Any JS file is technically a valid TypeScript file, so you’re up to a great start – just switch the file extension to .ts from .js.

TypeScript has type inference, which means that it can automatically infer some of the types you use without you adding them. In this case, it presumes that the function sums two variables of type any, which is true but of no great use right now.

If we want to sum only numbers, we can add a type signature to my_sum to make it accept only numbers.

Now, TypeScript provides us with an error.

Good thing we found where the error is: To additional escape errors like these, you can also add kind definitions to variables.

TypeScript is quite flexible in what it can do and how it can help you.

Features of TypeScript:

To sum it up, I think TypeScript will remain to rise in popularity aimed at the predictable future. It offers great development knowledge, does not have much competition, and enjoys high acceptance rates among new open-source projects.

Object-Oriented Language: TypeScript offers a whole feature of an object-oriented programming language such as inheritance, classes, interfaces, modules, etc. In TypeScript, we can write code for both server-side as well as client-side development.

TypeScript supports JavaScript libraries: TypeScript supports all JavaScript elements. It permits the developers to use existing JavaScript code with TypeScript. Here, we can use each of the JavaScript frameworks, tools, and other libraries easily.

JavaScript is TypeScript: It means the code written in JavaScript with valid .js extension can be transformed to TypeScript through changing the extension from (.js to .ts) and compiled with other TypeScript files.

TypeScript is portable: TypeScript is portable because it can be executed on any device, browser, or operating system. It can be run in any environment where JavaScript runs on. It is not specific to any virtual machine for execution.

DOM Manipulation: TypeScript can be used to manipulate the DOM for removing or adding elements related to JavaScript.

TypeScript is just JS: TypeScript code is not executed on any browsers straight. The program written in TypeScript constantly starts with JavaScript then ends with JavaScript. Henceforth, we only need to know JavaScript to use it in TypeScript. The code written in TypeScript is compiled and transformed into its JavaScript comparable for the execution. This procedure is recognized as Trans-piled. With the support of JavaScript code, browsers can read the TypeScript code and show the output.

Advantage of TypeScript over JavaScript:

• TypeScript continuously highlights errors at compilation time throughout the time of development, while JavaScript points out errors at the runtime.
• TypeScript supports strongly typed or static typing, but this is not in JavaScript.
• TypeScript runs on some browser or JavaScript engine.
• Great tooling supports with IntelliSense, which offers active hints as the code is added.
• It has a namespace concept through defining a module.

TypeScript Variables:

A variable is the storage location, which remains used to store worth info to be referenced and used by programs. It acts as a container for worth in code and must be professed earlier the use. We can declare a variable by using the var keyword. In TypeScript, the variable follows the same identification rule as of JavaScript variable declaration. These rules are –

• The variable name must be an alphabet or numeric digit.
• The variable name cannot start with digits.
• The variable name cannot contain spaces and special personalities, but the underscore (_) and the dollar ($) sign.

In ES6, we can describe variables using the let and const keywords. These variables have similar syntax for variable declaration and initialization but differ in scope and usage. In TypeScript, there is continuously suggested to define a variable using the let keyword because it delivers the type protection.

The let keyword is similar to the var keyword in some respects, and const is a let that prevents re-assignment to a variable.

Collections in TypeScript:

TypeScript supports two kinds of collections:

arrays (where all the members are of the same type and are accessed by position)

tuples (where each member can be of a different type).

Control Statements in TypeScript:

1. If the statement

2. If else statement

3. If else if statement

If Statement

If the statement is used to execute a block of statements if the specified condition is true.

Syntax:

If else statement

If else statement is used to execute whichever of two blocks of statements depends upon the situation. If the situation is true and if the block will execute or else the block will execute.

Syntax:

If else if statement

If else statement is used to execute one block of statements from many depends upon the condition. If condition1 is true then the block of statements1 will be executed, else if condition2 is a true block of statements2 is executed, and so on. If no condition is true, and else block of statements will remain executed.

Syntax:

TypeScript Control Statements Example:

What is a TypeScript application?

TypeScript is a programming language developed then maintained through Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds elective static typing to the language. TypeScript might be used to develop JavaScript applications for both server-side and client-side execution as with Node. Js or Deno.

Scope of TypeScript:

Variable scopes in TypeScript: Here scope means the discernibility of variable. The scope describes that we can access the variable or not. TypeScript variables can be of the following scopes:

Local Scope: As the name stated, are professed within the block like methods, loops, etc. Local variables are available only within the construct where they are declared.

Global Scope: If the variable is professed outside the construct then we can access the variable anyplace. This is recognized as Global Scope.

Class Scope: If a variable is professed inside the class and we can access that variable within the class only.

What are the Objectives for TypeScript Training?

•             Comprehend TypeScript conceptions

•             Apply different techniques to visualize data using multiple graphs and dashboards

•             Tool TypeScript in the organization to monitor operative intelligence

•             Troubleshoot various application log issues using SPL (Search Processing Language)

•             Implement indexers, forwarders, deployment servers, and deployers in TypeScript.

What are the benefits of TypeScript Certification?

Certifications continuously play a critical role in any occupation. You might find some Pay-Per-Click Intermediate specialists who will tell you that certifications do not hold considerable value; this certification validates an individual’s capability to generate complex searches, reports, and dashboards with Pay-Per-Click Intermediate’s core software to become the most out of their data. A Pay-Per-Click Intermediate Core Certified Operator can search, use fields, use lookups, and make basic statistical bits of intelligence then dashboards in the Pay-Per-Click Intermediate Initiative or Pay-Per-Click Intermediate Cloud Platforms. This certification validates an individual’s capability to navigate then use the Pay-Per-Click Intermediate Software.

Agenda of TypeScript

TypeScript Course

Hello everybody, if you are thinking of learning TypeScript this year then looking for some exceptional resources like books, courses, and tutorials, then you have come to the right place. Now my last limited articles, I have shared several of the best Angular framework tutorials and courses, and today, I am going to share several of the best TypeScript online courses you can join to learn it through yourself. DevOpsSchool is one of the best institutes for certification.

Conclusions

Overall, TypeScript is a great tool to have in your toolset even if you do not use it to its full capability. It is informal to start small and grow slowly, learning and adding new features as you go. TypeScript is practical and welcoming to beginners, so there is no need to be afraid.

I hope this article will be useful in your TypeScript. If you want help or have some questions, be sure to ask them on our social media like Twitter or Facebook.

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Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor what actions should be taken. The Add (+) sign, for example, instructs PHP to combine two variables or values, but the bigger (>) symbol instructs PHP to compare two values. Don’t make the mistake of assuming that operators and functions are the same. Instead of functional, such operators might be used (such as the PHP ternary).

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Spaceship operators

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Their sizes, as well as the names of the variables, might change. In most programming languages (such as C++ and Java), you may use a number of data types for variables. However, because PHP does not specify type explicitly, the variable type must be determined by the form or type of data to which it is applied.

What are the Data Types used in PHP?

There are many data types for various purposes, such as null, binary, integer, float, text, object, property, and an array. We employ eight different types of data in PHP to create our variables. Below is a brief explanation of the various categories.

Integers − There are whole numbers, including 4195, without a decimal point.

Doubles − Floating points are numbers such as 3.14159 or 49.1

Booleans − Have either true or false only two possible values.

NULL − It has only one value: NULL, is a special kind.

Strings − There are character strings, such as ‘PHP supports string operations.’

Arrays − Collections of other values are called and indexed.

Objects − There are instances of programming classes that can package other class-specific values and functions.

Resources − Special variables provide access to external PHP tools (such as database connections).

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We now have to configure the knife command. This command is the central way of communicating with our server and the nodes that we will be configuring. We need to tell it how to authenticate and then generate a user to access the Chef server.

Luckily, we’ve been laying the groundwork for this step by acquiring the appropriate credential files. We can start the configuration by typing:

knife configure --initial 

This will ask you a series of questions. We will go through them one by one:

WARNING: No knife configuration file found Where should I put the config file? [/home/your_user/.chef/knife.rb]

The values in the brackets ([]) are the default values that knife will use if we do not select a value.

We want to place our knife configuration file in the hidden directory we have been using:

/home/your_user/chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb

In the next question, type in the domain name or IP address you use to access the Chef server. This should begin with https:// and end with :443:

https://server_domain_or_IP:443

You will be asked for a name for the new user you will be creating. Choose something descriptive:

Please enter a name for the new user: [root] station1

It will then ask you for the admin name. This you can just press enter on to accept the default value (we didn’t change the admin name).

It will then ask you for the location of the existing administrators key. This should be:

/home/your_user/chef-repo/.chef/admin.pem

It will ask a similar set of questions about the validator. We haven’t changed the validator’s name either, so we can keep that as chef-validator. Press enter to accept this value.

It will then ask you for the location of the validation key. It should be something like this:

/home/your_user/chef-repo/.chef/chef-validator.pem

Next, it will ask for the path to the repository. This is the chef-repo folder we have been operating in:

/home/your_user/chef-repo

Finally, it will ask you to select a password for your new user. Select anything you would like.

This should complete our knife configuration. If we look in our chef-repo/.chef directory, we should see a knife configuration file and the credentials of our new user:

ls ~/chef-repo/.chef 

admin.pem  chef-validator.pem  knife.rb  station1.pem

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Setup AWS Credentails using AWS Command Line Interface

Install the AWS CLI Using Pip
Please click here complete installation guide.

Test the AWS CLI Installation

 $ aws help

Environment Variables – 

• AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
• AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

Step 5: Get a key aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key, region from AWS website, under your 

$ aws configure

Step 6: Setup AWS with key

$  aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAJB6WCXXXXRKRT5SQ
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: fDBVPhlHzMk70ip5FGHDl/AcmEyMnylwOllc+n4s
Default region name [None]: us-east-1
Default output format [None]:
$  aws s3 list

Step 7: Verify details in ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config

$ more ~/.aws/credentials
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AKIAJB6WCXXXXRKRT5SQ
aws_secret_access_key = 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

$  more ~/.aws/config
[default]
region = us-east-1

Step 8: Verify AWS CLI setup

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output table --region us-west-2

The AWS credentials file –

Located at ~/.aws/credentials on Linux, OS X, or Unix, or at C:\Users\USERNAME \.aws\credentials on Windows. This file can contain multiple named profiles in addition to a default profile.

The CLI configuration file –

Typically located at ~/.aws/config on Linux, OS X, or Unix, or at C:\Users\USERNAME \.aws\config on Windows. This file can contain a default profile, named profiles, and CLI specific configuration parameters for each.

Reference
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/installing.html
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html

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What is Role?

A role is a way to define certain patterns and processes that exist across nodes in an organization as belonging to a single job function. Each role consists of zero (or more) attributes and a run-list. Each node can have zero (or more) roles assigned to it. When a role is run against a node, the configuration details of that node are compared against the attributes of the role, and then the contents of that role’s run-list are applied to the node’s configuration details. When a chef-client runs, it merges its own attributes and run-lists with those contained within each assigned role.

How to use Roles in Chef?

1. Create a Role and add the cookbooks into it.
2. Assign the role into each node or bootstrap new nodes using roles
3. The the run list

How to create Role?

Method 1: In Chef Server directly

> knife role create client1

&

Add the run list e.g. “recipe[nginx]” under “run_list”

Save & exit

The role will be created in Chef Server.

Example

{ "name": "client1", "description": "", "json_class": "Chef::Role", "default_attributes": { }, "override_attributes": { }, "chef_type": "role", "run_list": [ "recipe[nginx]", "recipe[phpapp::web]" ], "env_run_lists": { } } 

Let’s download the role from the Chef server so we have it locally in a Chef repository.

> knife role show client1 -d -Fjson > roles/client1.json

Now, Lets bootstrap the node using knife with roles

> knife bootstrap --run-list "role[client1]" --sudo hostname

How to edit the roles in chef Server?

> knife role edit client1

Method 2: In local repo under chef-repo folder

> vi webserver.rb

example –

name "web_server" description "Role for web servers" run_list(   "role[base]",   "recipe{web_server]" ) 

& Then upload to chef server using following commands.

> knife role from file path/to/role/file

How Assigning Roles to Nodes?

> knife node list

> knife node edit node_name

This will bring up the node’s definition file, which will allow us to add a role to its run_list:

{ "name": "client1", "chef_environment": "_default", "normal": { "tags": [  ] 	}, "run_list": [ 	"recipe[nginx]" ] } 

For instance, we can replace our recipe with our role in this file:

{ "name": "client1", "chef_environment": "_default", "normal": { "tags": [ ] }, "run_list": [ "role[web_server]" ] } 

How to bootstrap node using role?

> knife bootstrap {{address}} --ssh-user {{user}} --ssh-password '{{password}}' --sudo --use-sudo-password --node-name node1 --run-list 'role[production]'

> knife bootstrap --run-list "role[phpapp-web]" --sudo hostname

How to run roles against nodes?

You can run chef-client on multiple nodes via knife ssh command like, To query for all nodes that have the webserver role and then use SSH to run the command sudo chef-client, enter:

> knife ssh "role:webserver" "sudo chef-client"

To find the uptime of all of web servers running Ubuntu on the Amazon EC2 platform, enter:

> knife ssh "role:web" "uptime" -x ubuntu -a ec2.public_hostname

Reference

http://docs.chef.io/roles.html

https://docs.chef.io/knife_ssh.html

https://docs.chef.io/knife_role.html

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How Do I Backup Jenkins Jobs using Grunt?

Backup Jenkins configuration to S3

bash-backup-script for jenkins‘ job-configs via user-crontab

Backup and restore Jenkins using jenkins plugins

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Way 1 – 

Put following lines as part of Default Content text box

${BUILD_LOG, maxLines=9999, escapeHtml=false}

this works for free style projects

Way 2 – If you want send only specific line using regex

${BUILD_LOG_REGEX, regex=”\\b(Buildfile|BUILD)\\b”, linesAfter=1}

${BUILD_LOG_REGEX, regex=”^.*?BUILD FAILED.*?$”, linesBefore=0, linesAfter=10, maxMatches=5, showTruncatedLines=false, escapeHtml=true}

${BUILD_LOG_REGEX, regex=”\\b(FC0)\\b”, linesAfter=1}

${BUILD_LOG_REGEX, regex=”^.*?BUILD FAILED.*?$”, linesBefore=0, linesAfter=10, maxMatches=5, showTruncatedLines=false, escapeHtml=true}

${BUILD_LOG_REGEX, regex=”^.*?FC0.*?$”, maxMatches=95, showTruncatedLines=false, escapeHtml=false, matchedLineHtmlStyle=true}

This will show exactly which is expected lines as part of the regEx.

More Info

http://wiki.hudson-ci.org/display/HUDSON/Email-ext+plugin

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9439450/how-will-i-filter-out-only-errors-in-jenkins-email-ext-build-log-regex

http://champasoft.blogspot.nl/2012/11/jenkins-pattern-for-e-mailing-log.html

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How to enroll for this training?

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Introduction

• Introduction
• Why Shell Scripting?
• Linux Internal
• What to Expect From This Course?
• Prerequisites

Git fundamental

• Introduction of git
• Git setup
• Basic operations in git
• Github
• Summary

A First Look At Shell Scripts

• Introduction
• Creating A Shell Script
• Demo: A Note-Taking Script
• Calling The Script
• The Shebang
• Naming Your Script
• Demo: The type Command
• Summary

Variables

• Introduction
• Demo: Variables
• Using Variables in A Script
• Using Variables: Good Habits
• Reading Input
• Debugging your Script
• Summary

If, Then, Else

• Introduction
• Demo: The If Statement
• The If Statement
• Return codes
• The Conditional Expression
• Demo: The Conditional Expression
• The Conditional Expression 2
• Arithmetic Tests
• Demo: Arithmetic Tests
• The If Statement Revisited
• And, Or, Not
• Summary

Input and Output

• Introduction
• Output: echo and printf
• Input: read revisited
• Standard Streams and Redirection
• Demo: Redirection
• Summary

Control Flow

• Introduction
• While and Until
• The Classic For Statement
• The C-Style For Statement
• Break and Continue
• The Case Statement
• && and ||
• Summary

Variables 2

• Introduction
• Integer Variables
• Arithmetic Expressions
• Arithmetic Expressions 2
• Read-only Variables
• Exporting Variables
• Arrays
• Summary

Handling Script Parameters

• Introduction
• Special Variables
• Shift
• Getopts
• Getopts: Handling Errors
• Summary

Shell Functions

• Introduction
• Shell Functions
• Shell Functions 2
• Functions: Demo
• Some Miscellaneous Remarks
• Summary

Fun with Strings

• Introduction
• Removing Part Of A String
• Search and Replace
• Setting A Default Value
• Conditional Expression Patterns
• Regular Expressions in The Conditional Expression
• End of Options
• Summary

Many Ways to Run Your Script

• Introduction
• Running your Code
• Nohup and The Background
• Exec
• At and Cron
• Set and Shopt
• Summary

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Upcoming Training Dates | Training Agenda | Training Calender | FAQ | Why scmGalaxy Online Training

Click Here

Mode – Online based
Email – info@scmgalaxy.com

Lab Setup Details – Prerequisites
Operating Systems – Windows 7 or Linux(RHEL 7.X or Ubantu)
JDK 1.7 or Higher
SCM Tool Clients Installed (SVN, GIT, Perforce)
Servlet container like GlassFish and Tomcat (If one wants to host Jenkins outside) – Optional

[If trainee is having any specific learning agenda to be addressed in this training apart from the table of Content as below; please email me @ info@scmgalaxy.com]

Table of Content

Continuous Integration with Jenkins

• What is Software Configuration Management
• What is Build and Release Engineering
• Introduction of Version Control Management?
  • Basic usage of Subversion
  • Basic usage of git
• Introduction of Build Management?
  • How to write ant script?
  • How to write Maven script?
  • How to write MSBuild Script?
• Introduction of Release Management?
• Benefit of Continuous Integration?
• Different Continuous Integration Tools?
• Focus on Jenkins
• Installation and Setup of Jenkinks
• Configure a Job to Build the Project using SVN /GIT and ANT/Maven
• Using Build Script (Ant, Maven and MSBuild) with Jenkins
• Authentication and Authorization in Jenkins
• Lab and Assignment
• Nodes Setup in Jenkins
• Labels, Tags and Notification using Jenkins
• Empowered with Plugins in Jenkins
• 20 Popular Plugins and Their Usage
• Integrating Jenkins with Junit for automated testing
• Integrating Jenkins with HP-QC for automated testing
• Integrating Jenkins with Cobertura for test Coverage
• Integrating Jenkins with Sonar for static code analysis
• Release and Deployments using Jenkins and Nexus
• Advance Jenkins
  • Jenkins Scripting
  • Jenkins Command line
• Reporting and Dashboard using Jenkins
• Lab and Assignment

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If a linux-build-server suddenly starts getting slow, I would divide my approach / troubleshooting into 3 section as follows;

1. System Level troubleshooting

a. RAM related issues

b. Disk Space related Issues

c. Disk I/O read write issues

d. Network Hardware issues

e. Mount issues

f. Too Many process running in the machine

2. Application Level troubleshooting

a. Application is not behaving properly. Hit to Application log file OR application server log file OR web server Log file and try to understand the issues.

b. zombie process issues – Find out if any as such process which is causing the system performance issues.

c. Application Log – depends on the application installed, this can be referred and make use of the experience with the project and troubleshoot.

d. Web Server Log – we can check http, tomcat log as well.

e. Application Server Log – We can see jboss, weblogic logs to see if the application server response/receive time is the issues for slowness.

f. Memory Leak of any application – This is one of well known issues in lunux based server due to bad application coding. Many times this can be resolved either by fixing the code or rebooting. But many other solutions are there to apply.

3. Dependent Services troubleshooting

a. SMTP Response time – SMTP server is not responding faster which is causing delay in response and queue up many processes.

b. Network issues – There are many System performance issues is dependent on network or service which is depends on the network.

c. Firewall related issues

d. Antivirus related issues

 Some of the useful commands for troubleshooting are..

1. df –k

2. du –sh

3. top

4. uptime

5. ps –eaf | grep

6. vmstat

7. ping

8. tail –f <logfile>

9. iostat

10.free

11.kill -9

12.mount

13.sar

14.ifconfig eth0 | enable | disable

15.traceroute

16.netstat -r

17.nslookup

18.route

   There are various options available for each commands and depends on the need during the troubleshooting, right commands can be applied. To find arguments and their explanation, I usually refer google.com rather than man page.

The post If a linux-build-server suddenly starts getting slow, what would you check? appeared first on scmGalaxy.

Upcoming Training Dates | Training Agenda | Training Calender | FAQ | Why scmGalaxy Online Training

Click Here

Mode – Online

Lab Setup Details OR Prerequisites for personal Laptop

Operating Systems – Windows 7 or Linux (RHEL 7.X or Ubantu)
JDK 1.7 or Higher,
SCM Tool Client and server Installed (SVN, GIT, Perforce)

Send us an email to info@scmgalaxy.com with the confirmed payment receipt for acknowledgement

Free Lunch would be serve to all Participants.
Registration is based on First Come basis and only confirmed registration would be considered.

1. What is Software Configuration Management
2. What is Build and Release Engineering
3. Introduction of Version Control Management?
4. Basic usage of Subversion
5. Basic usage of git
6. Introduction of Build Management?
7. How to write ant script?
8. How to write Maven script?
9. How to write MSBuild Script?
10. Introduction of Release Management?
11. Benefit of Continuous Integration?
12. Different Continuous Integration Tools?
13. Focus on Jenkins
14. Installation and Setup of Jenkinks
15. Configure a Job to Build the Project using SVN /GIT and ANT/Maven
16. Using Build Script (Ant, Maven and MSBuild) with Jenkins
17. Authentication and Authorization in Jenkins
18. Lab and Assignment
19. Nodes Setup in Jenkins
20. Labels, Tags and Notification using Jenkins
21. Empowered with Plugins in Jenkins
22. 20 Popular Plugins and Their Usage
23. Integrating Jenkins with Junit for automated testing
24. Integrating Jenkins with HP-QC for automated testing
25. Integrating Jenkins with Cobertura for test Coverage
26. Integrating Jenkins with Sonar for static code analysis
27. Release and Deployments using Jenkins and Nexus
28. Advance Jenkins
29. Jenkins Scripting
30. Jenkins Command line
31. Reporting and Dashboard using Jenkins
32. Lab and Assignment

Build and Release Training In Bangalore | Build and Release Training in India | Build and Release Training in Hyderabad | Build and Release Training in Delhi | Build and Release Training in Pune | Build and Release Trainer In Bangalore | Build and Release Trainer in India | Build and Release Trainer in Hyderabad | Build and Release Trainer in Delhi | Build and Release Trainer in Pune

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General Commands Not Used Frequently
cal – The Calender
bc – The Calculator
file – knowing the file types
cmp – Comparing two files.
comm – Common in two files
dos2unix and unix2dos – Converting between dos and unix
stat – Display file or file system status such as Access, Modify,Change, users and more
# stat <fileName> unix Command

General Commands Frequently Used
Script – recording your session
Passwd – change your password
Echo  – Displaying the message
Printf – Displaying the message
who – Who are the Users
who am I – To know my user name
uname – Knowing your machine characteristics
# uname –a  – To Print all info.
tty – knowing your terminal
pwd – Checking Current Directory
cd – changing the current Directory
mkdir – Making directories
rmdir – removing directories
ls – Listing Directory Contents
# ls –F – Marks executables with *, directories with / and symbolic links with @ at the end of file name.
# ls – a – Shows all filesnames including beginning with a dot.
# ls –R – Recursive display list of files and folders
# ls -1 – one filename in each line
# ls –l long listing + time of last file modification
# ls –t Sorts filenames by last modification time
# ls –u – Sorts filenames by last access time
# ls –I – Displays inode number
# ls –lc – Time of last inode modifcation

Cat – Displaying and creating Files
# cat filename – Displaying file contents
# cat –n filename – Displaying file contents with line numbers
# cat > filename – To Create a file name

More – Paging Output
# more filename – To to display the filename contents

Less – Paging Output

wc – Counting lines, Words and Characters
# -l – Option counts only the number of lines
# -w – Option counts only the words.
# -c – Options counts only the characters.

cp – copying a files
Options
# -p – Copy the files including preserve the mode, ownership and permissions.
# -R – Copying Directory Structure

gzip and gunzip – Compressing and Decompressing Files
# gzip filename
# gzip –l – To find out how much of the compression was archived.
# gzip –d filename – To Decompress a file
# gunzip filename – To Decompress a file
# gzip –R dir – To Compress Recursive

Tar – The archival Program
# -c – To create a archive
# -x – Extract files from archive
# -t – Display fils in archive
# -v – verbose
# -f – name of the arch filename .tar
# tar –cvf filename.tar filename1 filename2
# tar –xvf filename.tar

Create tar and gzip
# tar cvf – foodir | gzip > foo.tar.gz

Un-tar and gunzip
# tar -zxvf apache-activemq-5.1.0-bin.tar.gz

Un-tar and uncompress using gunzip
# gunzip -c apache-activemq-5.1.0-bin.tar.gz | tar xvf –
or alternatively:
# gunzip apache-activemq-5.1.0-bin.tar.gz | tar xvf –

File Attributes
chmod – Changing File Permission

Abbreviations Used by chmod

Example:
# chmod u+x filename
# chmod u+x filename
# chmod ugo+x filename
# chmod u+x filename1 filename2 filename3
# chmod a-x,go+r filename
# chmod 566 filename
# chmod 755 filename
# chmod –R 755 .
# chmod –R a+x *

Chown – Changing File Ownership
# chown username filename
More example needed.

Shell’s Wild-Cards

Ps – Process Status
Options to ps

Example
# ps -ef
# ps –u sumit
# ps –a
# ps –e
# ps -A – ps command will report a snapshot of the current processes. To select all processes use the -A
# ps -Al – Show Long Format Output
# ps -AlF – To turn on extra full mode (it will show command line arguments passed to process):
# ps axu – Print All Process On The Server
# ps -U vivek -u vivek u – See Every Process Running As User Vivek
# ps -p 55977 -o comm= – Display The Name of PID 55977
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10 – Find Out The Top 10 Memory Consuming Process
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10 – Find Out top 10 CPU Consuming Process

# $! – Store the PID of the last background jobs
# echo $$  – To Know the PID of current Shell
# echo $SHELL – To Know the Current Shell
# System process easily identifies the ? in the TTY coloumn.
# Mechanism of Process Creation
Fork
Exec
Wait

& and nohup – Ruunning jobs in background
# nohup sort emp.lst $

nice – Job execution with low priority
Kernel decides how much processor time is required for a process based on the nice value. Possible nice value range is: -20 to 20. A process that has a nice value of -20 is very high priority. The process that has a nice value of 20 is very low priority.
Use ps axl to display the nice value of all running process as shown below.
# ps axl
# nice command is used with & operator to reduce the priority of jobs
# nice script.sh &
# ./nice-test.sh &                             Default the nice value of 0
# nice -10 ./nice-test.sh &            Nice value is 10                 Low priority.
# nice –10 ./nice-test.sh &          Nice value is -10                High priority.

Kill – killing the process
# kill PID
# kill PID1 PID2 PID3
# kill $i – Killing the last background process
# kill –s KILL PID – recommended way for killing (SIGKILL)
# kill -9 PID – same as above but not recommended. (SIGKILL)
# kill -9 $$  -$$ store the PID of current shell
# kill –s KILL 0 – kill all the process including the login shell.
# kill –l – To View the list of all signal names and numbers that are available on your machine.
# kill %1 – Kill first background jobs

Jobs
List the background jobs in following fashion
[3] +       running                                command
[1] –        running                                command
[2]          running                                command

bg – Convert Jobs to background
# if you have invoked a command and the prompt has not yet return, you can suspend the job by pressing Ctrl-Z. Observe that job has not been terminated yet; its onl y suspended (“stopped”). Now you can use bg command to push the current foreground job in the background.
# bg %2 – Sends second job to background
# bg %sort – Sends sort job to background

fg – bring background job to foreground
# fg – To bring most recent job to forground
# fg %1 – Bring First job to foreground
# fg %2 – Bring second job to foreground
# fg %sort – Bring sort job to foreground

at – On time execution
# at 14:08
at > script.sh
[ctrl-d]

Batch – execute when system resources are available
# batch < script.sh

Cron – Schedule and run jobs periodically
# crontab –e – To Edit the cron tab
# crontab –l – To Display the cron tab
# crontab cron.tx – cron.txt contains cron commands
# crontab –r – To Remove the cron

Format of crontab – TODO

Customizing the environment

# set – set statemtent display a complete list of all environment variable
# PATH =$PATH:/usr/xpg4/bin – Adding new value to old values
# PS1 =”C> “ – To Change the prompt
# PS1=’[$PWD] ‘ – To Change the prompt to pwd
# alias cp=”cp –I” – To Set the alias in bash
# history – To See the history
# IFS – Field Separators for commands and arguments
# !! – Repeat Previous commands
# !2 – Repeat commands 2 from history output
# !-2 – Execute the commands prior to previous one
# !v – Execture very last commands beginning withg v
# $_ – Using last arugement of previous commands
# mkdir raj
# cd $_

ln – Hard Links and Softlinks
# ln /usr/bin/perl  /usr/local/bin/perl – To create a hard links from src to dest
# ls –I  – To Display the node number of files
# ln –s /usr/bin/perl  /usr/local/bin/perl – To Create a soft link

umask – default file and directory permission
# When you create a files and directories, the permission assigned to them depends on rge system’s default setting..
# unix has default 666 for regular files & 777 for directories
# umask –ENTER
# 022
This is an octal number which has to be subtracted from system default to obtain the actual default. This becomes 644 (666-022) for ordinary files and 755 ( 777 -022) for directories.
# User can set the umask such as umask 023.

touch – Changing the time stamp
# touch emp.lst – Create a file name called emp.lst
# touch 02161430 emp.lst – To Change the time stamp of file for MMDDhhmm format
# touch –a 02161430 emp.lst – To Change the access time stamp of file for MMDDhhmm format
# touch –m 02161430 emp.lst – To Change the modification time stamp of file for MMDDhhmm format

find – Locating files

Expression Used by find.

Example

Change File Permissions Recursively
# find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
# find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
# find . -name Configuration.php -exec chmod 666 {} \;

Find files modified in the last 48 hours, and in current folder and one level below
# find -maxdepth 2 -type f -mtime -2

To find all files modified in the last 24 hours (last full day) in a particular specific directory and its sub-directories:
# find /directory_path -mtime -1 –print

To find all files with regular file types only, and modified in the last 24 hours (last full day) in current directory and its sub-directories:
# find /directory_path -type f -mtime -1 –print
# find . -type f -mtime -1 –print

To find all files that are modified today only (since start of day only, i.e. 12 am), in current directory and its sub-directories:
# touch -t `date +%m%d0000` /tmp/$$
# find /tmefndr/oravl01 -type f -newer /tmp/$$
# rm /tmp/$$

To find all files in /home/user/demo directory
# find /home/user/demo -type f –print

To find all files in /home/user/demo directory with permission 777, enter:
# find /home/user/demo -type f -perm 777 –print

Apply new permission using the -exec option as follows:
# find /home/user/demo -type f -perm 777 -print -exec chmod 755 {} \;

To select directories and subdirectories use the following syntax:
# find /var/www/html -type d -perm 777 -print -exec chmod 755 {} \;

This first Linux find example searches through the root filesystem (“/”) for the file named “Chapter1”. If it finds the file, it prints the location to the screen.
# find / -name Chapter1 -type f –print

A nice thing to know is that on Linux systems and modern Unix system you no longer need the -print option at the end of the find command, so you can issue it like this:
# find / -name Chapter1 -type f

This next find command searches through the /usr and /home directories for the file named Chapter1:
# find /usr /home -name Chapter1 -type f

To search in the current directory, and all subdirectories, just use the . character to reference the current directory in your find commands, like this:
# find . -name Chapter1 -type f

This next command searches through the /usr directory for all files that begin with the letters Chapter, followed by anything else. The filename can end with any other combination of characters. It will match filenames such as Chapter, Chapter1, Chapter1.bad, Chapter-in-life, etc.:
# find /usr -name “Chapter*” -type f

This next command searches through the /usr/local directory for files that end with the extension .html. These file locations are then printed to the screen.
# find /usr/local -name “*.html” -type f

To find all directories named build under the current directory, use this command:
# find . -type d -name build

This command searches through the htdocs and cgi-bin directories for files that end with the extension .cgi. When these files are found, their permission is changed to mode 755 (rwxr-xr-x). This example shows that the find command can easily search through multiple sub-directories (htdocs, cgi-bin) at one time.
# find htdocs cgi-bin -name “*.cgi” -type f -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Find and display files last modified les than 90 days ago.
# find . -name “*” -mtime -3 -print

find everything in your home that has been modified more recently than “abc.txt”:
# find $HOME -newer ~joeuser/lastbatch.txt

For finding only files from all directories recursively
# find ./ -type f | wc -l

For finding only files from all directories recursively
# find ./ – type d | wc -l

How to Return a message when a file is not found using find command? OR
Find command return type OR
when the file is not found i want it to return some value OR
# find . -name raj.txt > raj.txt
# counter= `cat abc.txt | wc -l’
# if [$counter -gt 0]
# then
#                echo “File is found”
# else
#                echo “File is not found”
# fi
That’s nice, but what if I want to see the last modification time of these files, or their filesize? No problem, I just add the “ls -ld” command to my find command, like this:
find . -name “*.pl” -exec ls -ld {} \;

Count Total number of files in Directory and Subdirectory
# find . -type f | wc –l

Count Specific extention files in Directory and Subdirectory
# find . -type f -name \*.mnp |wc –l

Count only Directory
# find . -type d | wc –l

head – Displaying the beginning of a file
# head –n 3 filename
# vi `ls –t` | head –n 1` – Opens last modified file for editing

tail – Displaying the end of a file
# tail -3 filename
# tail –f filename             Monitering file live

Cut
# cut –c 6-12,24-32 filename – Cutting column
# cut –d \| -f 2,3 filename            – Cutting fields
# cut –d “|” –f 1,4- filename –To cut out the fields numbered 1,4,5 and 6.

Sort – Ordering a file
Sort Options

Examples:
# sort –t”|” –k 2 shortlist
# sort –t”|” –r –k 2 shortlist
# sort –t “|” –k 3,3 –k 2,2 shortlist
# sort –t”|” –k 5.7,5.8 shortlist
# sort numfile
# cut –d”|” –f3 filename | sort –u
# sort –m foo1 foo2 foo3

Uniq – Locate repeated and non-repeated lines
# sort dept.lst | uniq
# cut –d”|” –f3 emp.lst | sort | uniq –u                                 ( -u selects only lines which is not repeated)
# cut –d”|” –f3 emp.lst | sort | uniq –d                                 ( -d selects one copy of repeated lines)
# cut –d”|” –f3 emp.lst | sort | uniq –c

tr – Translating characters
# tr ‘|/’ ‘~-‘ < emp.lst | head –n 3             – To replace the | with a ~ and the / with a  -.
# head –n 3 emp.lst | tr ‘[a-z]’ ‘[A-Z]’     – Change first three lines from lower to upper.
# tr –d ‘|’ < emp.lst | head –n 3                                – To deleting characters

grep – Searching for a pattern
# grep “director” filename1 filename2
# grep “Rajesh Kumar” filename1
# grep –i ‘rajesh’ filename1                                         To Ignore case
# grep –v ‘rajesh’ filename1 > filename2                              To Select all except lines containing patterns
# grep –n ‘rajesh’ filename1                                       To Display line numbers
# grep –c ‘rajesh’ filename                                          Counting line containing pattern
# grep –l ‘rajesh’ *.lst                                                    -l options display only the name of files containing pattern
# grep –f pattern.lst emp.lst                                       Taking patterns from files

Grep a file, but show several surrounding lines?

For BSD or GNU grep you can use -B num to set how many lines before the match and -A num for th number of lines after the match.
grep -B 3 -A 2 foo README.txt

If you want the same amount of lines before and after you can use -C num.
grep -C 3 foo README.txt
This will show 3 lines before and 3 lines after.

Basic Regular Expression tables

Example:
# grep “[aA]g[ar][ar]wal filename
# grep “[aA]gg*[ar][ar]wal” filename
# grep “j.*Saxena” filename
# grep “^2” filename
# grep “7…$” filename
# grep “^[^2]” filename
# grep –E “[aA]gg?arwal” filename
# grep –E ‘sengupta|dasgupta’ filename
# grep –E ‘(sen|das)gupta’ filename

Editor
Awk  – http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/01/awk-introduction-tutorial-7-awk-print-examples/
Sed
vi

# sed – The Stream Editor
# sed ‘3q’ filename == head –n 3                              Quit after line number 3
# sed –n ‘1,2p’ filename                                                               Prints the first 2 lines. Must use –n with p
# sed –n ‘$p’ filename                                                   print last line
# sed –n ‘9,11p 7,9p $p’ filename
# sed –n ‘3,$ip’ filename                                              Don’t print line 3 to the end, display only line 1 and 2

# sed –n ‘/director/p’ filename                                 To print the lines which has pattern in filename
# sed –n ‘/dasgupta/,/saksena/p’ filename
# sed –n ‘1,/dasgupta/p’ filename
# sed –n ‘/[aA]gg*[ar][ar]wal/p’ filename
# sed –n ‘/sa[kx]s*ena/p /Gupta/p’ filename
# sed –n ‘/50…..$/p’ filename

# sed –n ‘director/w  dlsit’ filename
# sed –n ‘director/w dlist /manager/w mlist /executive/w elist’ filename
# sed –n ‘1,500w foo1 501,$w foo2’ filename

# sed ‘1i\
> #include <stdio.h>\
> #include<unistd.h>
>’ foo.c  >> $$                                                                    Include these include on beginning of the program
# sed ‘a\

‘ filename                                                                            # insert after every line this blank line
# sed “/director/d’ filename > filename2              -n option not to be used with d
== # grep –v “director” filename > filename2
# sed –n ‘/director/!p’ filename1 > filename2

# sed ‘s/|/:/’ filename | head -2
# sed ‘s/|/:/g’ filename | head -2
# sed ‘1,3s/|/:/g’ filename
# sed ‘1,5s/director/member /’ filename
# sed ‘s/^/2’ filename
# sed ‘s/$.00/’ filename

Sed tables

Vi – Editor                           

IMPORTANT – YOU SHOULD USE DOUBLE QUOTES ONLY WHEN PARAMETER EVALULATION OR command substitution is embedded within command

Write about command “w”

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