1. What is Datadog?
   a) A software for monitoring and analytics
   b) A software for managing databases
   c) An email management software

Answer: a

2. What are the key features of Datadog?
   a) Monitoring, analytics, collaboration, and alerting
   b) Database management, email campaign management, and networking
   c) Project management, audio conferencing, and accounting

Answer: a

3. What are the components of the Datadog platform?
   a) Agent, API, and dashboard
   b) Agent, DB, and network
   c) Dashboard, collaboration, and analytics

Answer: a

4. What is the use of the Datadog agent?
   a) To collect metrics and events from hosts and send them to Datadog
   b) To monitor email campaigns
   c) To manage databases

Answer: a

5. What is the difference between a metric and an event in Datadog?
   a) Metrics are time-series numerical data, while events are discrete occurrences
   b) Metrics are only related to network, while events are related to databases
   c) Metrics and events are the same thing

Answer: a

6. What is the difference between a monitor and an alert in Datadog?
   a) A monitor is a measurement of a metric or combination of metrics, while an alert is a notification sent when a monitor triggers
   b) A monitor is a visual representation of data, while an alert is a message sent to a group
   c) A monitor and alert are the same thing

Answer: a

7. What is the purpose of using tags in Datadog?
   a) To group metrics and events
   b) To manage databases
   c) To send alerts to users

Answer: a

8. How does Datadog handle data security?
   a) By encrypting data in transit and rest, role-based access control, and two-factor authentication
   b) By storing data on external servers
   c) By limiting user access to data

Answer: a

9. What is APM in Datadog?
   a) Application Performance Monitoring
   b) Audio Publishing Management
   c) Accounting Process Management

Answer: a

10. What is the purpose of APM in Datadog?
    a) To monitor the performance of applications and troubleshoot performance issues
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

11. What are the different types of monitors in Datadog?
    a) Metric and service-level monitors
    b) Database and network monitors
    c) Audio and video monitors

Answer: a

12. What is the difference between Service Checks and Service-level monitors?
    a) Service Checks monitor the availability and performance of a specific service, while Service-level monitors monitor the availability and performance of a group of related services
    b) Service Checks and Service-level monitors are the same thing
    c) Service-level monitors monitor the availability and performance of a specific service, while Service Checks monitor the availability and performance of a group of related services

Answer: a

13. What are the different types of alerts in Datadog?
    a) Threshold and anomaly alerts
    b) Audio and video alerts
    c) Database and network alerts

Answer: a

14. What is the purpose of an anomaly alert?
    a) To notify users of data that deviates from the typical pattern
    b) To manage databases
    c) To manage email campaigns

Answer: a

15. What is the use of the Datadog CLI?
    a) To interact with the Datadog API
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

16. How does Datadog handle agent rollbacks?
    a) By enforcing agent version pinning and by providing rollback procedures
    b) By deleting the agent completely
    c) By recommending users to avoid agent rollbacks

Answer: a

17. What is the use of dogstatsd in Datadog?
    a) To accept custom metrics not covered by the Datadog agent
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

18. What is the purpose of the Datadog API?
    a) To interact with the Datadog platform programmatically
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

19. How does Datadog handle integrations with third-party tools?
    a) By providing over 450 integrations with popular tools
    b) By providing no integration options
    c) By providing limited integration options

Answer: a

20. What is trace analytics in Datadog?
    a) The analysis of traces captured across distributed systems
    b) The analysis of audio and video files
    c) The analysis of email campaigns

Answer: a

21. What is the difference between a trace and a span in Datadog?
    a) A trace is a collection of spans that represents a distributed request, while a span is a single operation within a trace
    b) A trace and a span are the same thing
    c) A trace is a visual representation of data, while a span is a message sent to a group

Answer: a

22. What is another term for tracing in Datadog?
    a) Distributed tracing
    b) Network tracing
    c) Audio tracing

Answer: a

23. What is the purpose of tracing in Datadog?
    a) To identify performance issues in distributed systems
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

24. What is the difference between a log and a trace in Datadog?
    a) A log is a recording of discrete events, while a trace is a collection of spans that represents a distributed request
    b) A log and a trace are the same thing
    c) A log is a visual representation of data, while a trace is a message sent to a group

Answer: a

25. What is logging in Datadog?
    a) The aggregation and analysis of logs from distributed systems
    b) The management of databases
    c) The management of email campaigns

Answer: a

26. What is the use of the Datadog log agent?
    a) To collect logs from distributed systems and send them to Datadog
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

27. How does Datadog handle log analytics?
    a) By providing advanced search and filter features
    b) By providing no search and filter features
    c) By providing limited search and filter features

Answer: a

28. What is the purpose of distributed tracing in Datadog?
    a) To enable a traced view of the entire distributed system
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

29. What is the difference between distributed tracing and logging in Datadog?
    a) Distributed tracing captures every request as a trace and enables spanning multiple services, while logging records every event and provides textual insights
    b) Distributed tracing and logging are the same thing
    c) Distributed tracing records every event and provides textual insights, while logging captures every request as a trace and enables spanning multiple services

Answer: a

30. What is the use of Datadog’s continuous profiler?
    a) To identify performance bottlenecks in applications
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

31. What is the purpose of tracing in continuous profiling?
    a) To trace method calls to identify performance bottlenecks and CPU usage
    b) To manage emails
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

32. What is the difference between metrics and profiling data in Datadog?
    a) Metrics are time-series numerical data, while profiling data indicates the time spent in different portions of code
    b) Metrics and profiling data are the same thing
    c) Metrics indicate the time spent in different portions of code, while profiling data is time-series numerical data

Answer: a

33. How does Datadog handle integration with AWS?
    a) By providing over 70 AWS integrations
    b) By not offering any AWS integration options
    c) By providing limited AWS integration options

Answer: a

34. What is the purpose of AWS CloudTrail in Datadog?
    a) To provide complete visibility into API activity in AWS
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

35. What is the use of the Datadog Synthetics product?
    a) To simulate user traffic to test application availability and usability
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

36. What is the purpose of network monitoring in Datadog?
    a) To monitor the performance and availability of network devices
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

37. What is the use of the Datadog Incident Management product?
    a) To manage and resolve incidents through an integrated workflow
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

38. What is the purpose of the Datadog Security Monitoring product?
    a) To detect threats and vulnerabilities across systems and applications
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

39. How does Datadog handle integrations with Kubernetes?
    a) By providing over 30 integrations with Kubernetes
    b) By providing no integration options with Kubernetes
    c) By providing limited integration options with Kubernetes

Answer: a

40. What is the purpose of the Datadog Log Management product?
    a) To aggregate and search logs from distributed systems
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

41. How does Datadog handle integrations with Docker?
    a) By providing over 20 integrations with Docker
    b) By providing no integration options with Docker
    c) By providing limited integration options with Docker

Answer: a

42. What is the purpose of the Datadog Real User Monitoring product?
    a) To monitor the performance of applications from the user’s perspective
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

43. How does Datadog handle integrations with Datadog Browser?
    a) By providing over 10 integrations with Datadog Browser
    b) By providing no integration options with Datadog Browser
    c) By providing limited integration options with Datadog Browser

Answer: a

44. What is the purpose of the Datadog Network Performance Monitoring product?
    a) To monitor the performance and availability of network devices
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

45. How does Datadog handle integrations with Terraform?
    a) By providing a Terraform provider for infrastructure as code automation
    b) By providing no integration options with Terraform
    c) By providing limited integration options with Terraform

Answer: a

46. What is the use of the Datadog API Explorer?
    a) To navigate the Datadog API with ease
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

47. How does Datadog handle integrations with Jenkins?
    a) By offering a Datadog Pipeline Plugin to integrate with Jenkins
    b) By providing no integration options with Jenkins
    c) By providing limited integration options with Jenkins

Answer: a

48. What is the purpose of the Datadog Synthetic Monitoring product?
    a) To simulate user traffic to test application availability and usability
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

49. How does Datadog handle integrations with MongoDB?
    a) By providing over 10 integrations with MongoDB
    b) By providing no integration options with MongoDB
    c) By providing limited integration options with MongoDB

Answer: a

50. What is the purpose of the Datadog Infra product?
    a) To monitor the infrastructure supporting applications
    b) To manage email campaigns
    c) To manage databases

Answer: a

1) What is New Relic?
a) A software analytics company
b) A social media platform
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

2) What is the purpose of New Relic APM?
a) To monitor and troubleshoot applications
b) To provide social media analytics
c) To manage cloud infrastructure

Answer: A

3) What is New Relic Infrastructure?
a) A tool for monitoring servers, networks, and cloud services
b) A browser-based tool for designing and deploying applications
c) A collaboration platform for developers

Answer: A

4) What is New Relic Insights?
a) A tool for collecting, analyzing, and querying data from New Relic APM and Infrastructure
b) A messaging platform for businesses
c) An e-commerce platform for online retailers

Answer: A

5) What is New Relic Synthetics?
a) A tool for monitoring web applications and APIs
b) An email marketing platform
c) A project management tool

Answer: A

6) What is New Relic Browser?
a) A tool for monitoring browser performance and user experience
b) A social media platform
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

7) What is New Relic Mobile?
a) A tool for monitoring mobile application performance and user experience
b) A mobile phone provider
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

8) What types of software projects can New Relic be used for?
a) Web applications, mobile applications, and server software
b) Social media platforms and gaming software
c) Financial software and data management software

Answer: A

9) What is the purpose of New Relic alerts?
a) To notify users of performance issues and other problems
b) To provide weather alerts
c) To provide marketing alerts

Answer: A

10) What is New Relic One?
a) A platform for managing all New Relic products in a single interface
b) An e-commerce platform
c) A social media platform for developers

Answer: A

11) How does New Relic help organizations improve performance?
a) By tracking key metrics and identifying areas for improvement
b) By providing social media analytics
c) By providing cloud storage solutions

Answer: A

12) What programming languages does New Relic support?
a) Java, Ruby, PHP, .NET, Node.js, Python, and Go
b) C++, Python, and JavaScript
c) HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Answer: A

13) What is New Relic Insights Query Language (NRQL)?
a) A querying language for analyzing data collected by New Relic
b) A language for building web applications
c) A language for building mobile applications

Answer: A

14) What is New Relic University?
a) A training and certification program for users of New Relic products
b) A collaboration platform for developers
c) A marketplace for software developers

Answer: A

15) How does New Relic help with cloud migration?
a) By providing visibility into cloud infrastructure and application performance
b) By providing tools for migrating data to the cloud
c) By providing cloud storage solutions

Answer: A

16) What is New Relic’s pricing model?
a) Based on the amount of data collected and analyzed
b) Based on the number of users
c) A flat fee per month

Answer: A

17) Does New Relic offer a free trial?
a) Yes, for 30 days
b) No, only paid subscriptions are available
c) Yes, for 60 days

Answer: A

18) Can New Relic be used for on-premise applications?
a) Yes, with New Relic Infrastructure
b) No, only cloud-based applications are supported
c) Yes, with New Relic APM

Answer: A

19) What is New Relic’s customer support like?
a) 24/7 support with live chat and phone support
b) Email support only
c) Limited support hours with email and phone support

Answer: A

20) Can New Relic be integrated with other tools?
a) Yes, through APIs and integrations
b) No, New Relic is a standalone product
c) Yes, but only through a manual process

Answer: A

21) What is the difference between New Relic Insights and New Relic APM?
a) New Relic Insights is for querying and analyzing data, while New Relic APM is for monitoring and troubleshooting applications
b) New Relic APM is for querying and analyzing data, while New Relic Insights is for monitoring and troubleshooting applications
c) There is no difference between the two products

Answer: A

22) How does New Relic provide security for user data?
a) Through a variety of security measures, including encryption and access controls
b) User data is not encrypted or secured
c) New Relic relies on its cloud service provider for security

Answer: A

23) What is New Relic One Dashboard?
a) A customizable dashboard for monitoring New Relic products and data
b) A collaboration platform for developers
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

24) What is the purpose of New Relic Infrastructure Integrations?
a) To integrate data from cloud resources and services to New Relic Infrastructure
b) To integrate data from social media platforms to New Relic Insights
c) To integrate data from other software analytics companies to New Relic APM

Answer: A

25) Can New Relic monitor web applications hosted on cloud platforms?
a) Yes, with New Relic APM and Synthetics
b) No, only on-premise applications are supported
c) Yes, with New Relic Insights

Answer: A

26) How does New Relic help with DevOps?
a) By providing visibility and insights into application performance and infrastructure
b) By providing team collaboration tools
c) By providing project management tools

Answer: A

27) What is New Relic’s role in microservices?
a) Providing visibility into the performance of microservices
b) Providing cloud storage solutions for microservices
c) Providing tools for developing microservices

Answer: A

28) What is New Relic’s role in the cloud-native ecosystem?
a) Providing monitoring and observability for cloud-native applications and infrastructure
b) Providing cloud storage solutions for cloud-native applications and infrastructure
c) Providing tools for building cloud-native applications

Answer: A

29) How does New Relic monitor APIs?
a) With New Relic Synthetics
b) With New Relic APM
c) With New Relic Browser

Answer: A

30) What is New Relic Infrastructure Agent?
a) A software agent for collecting infrastructure metrics and sending them to New Relic
b) A mobile application for monitoring application performance
c) An email client for businesses

Answer: A

31) How does New Relic monitor containers?
a) With New Relic Infrastructure and Kubernetes integration
b) With New Relic Synthetics
c) With New Relic Insights

Answer: A

32) How does New Relic help with cloud cost optimization?
a) By identifying areas for optimizing cloud costs
b) By providing cloud storage solutions
c) By providing cloud infrastructure management tools

Answer: A

33) What is New Relic Product News and Updates?
a) A platform for New Relic users to stay up to date with product releases and features
b) A marketplace for software developers
c) A platform for social media analytics

Answer: A

34) What is New Relic One Catalog?
a) A marketplace for New Relic integrations and plugins
b) A collaboration platform for developers
c) A social media platform for businesses

Answer: A

35) How does New Relic help with digital transformation?
a) By providing insights and visibility into application performance and infrastructure
b) By providing social media analytics
c) By providing cloud storage solutions

Answer: A

36) How does New Relic help with e-commerce?
a) By providing visibility into key business metrics and user behavior
b) By providing cloud storage solutions
c) By providing project management tools

Answer: A

37) What is New Relic One Application Map?
a) A visual representation of application dependencies and connections
b) A collaboration platform for developers
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

38) What is New Relic One Ask?
a) A way to ask natural language questions about data in New Relic
b) A marketplace for software developers
c) A messaging platform for businesses

Answer: A

39) What is New Relic Alerting?
a) A way to receive alerts for application and infrastructure issues
b) A way to create and manage social media posts
c) A way to manage cloud infrastructure

Answer: A

40) What is New Relic Infrastructure Alerts?
a) A way to receive alerts for infrastructure issues
b) A way to receive alerts for application issues
c) A way to receive social media alerts

Answer: A

41) How does New Relic help with security?
a) By providing security-related features and capabilities
b) By providing social media analytics
c) By providing cloud storage solutions

Answer: A

42) What is New Relic Logging?
a) A way to collect and analyze application logs
b) A messaging platform for businesses
c) A way to create and manage social media posts

Answer: A

43) Can New Relic be used for monitoring on-premise servers?
a) Yes, with New Relic Infrastructure
b) No, only cloud-based servers are supported
c) Yes, with New Relic APM

Answer: A

44) What are New Relic dashboards?
a) Customizable visualizations for data and metrics in New Relic
b) A marketplace for software developers
c) A cloud storage provider

Answer: A

45) What is New Relic Distributed Tracing?
a) A way to trace and analyze application performance across microservices and other distributed systems
b) A messaging platform for businesses
c) A way to manage cloud infrastructure

Answer: A

46) How does New Relic help with serverless computing?
a) By providing monitoring and observability for serverless applications and infrastructure
b) By providing cloud storage solutions for serverless applications and infrastructure
c) By providing tools for building serverless applications

Answer: A

47) What is New Relic’s role in Kubernetes?
a) Providing monitoring and observability for Kubernetes clusters
b) Providing cloud storage solutions for Kubernetes
c) Providing tools for building Kubernetes applications

Answer: A

48) What is New Relic Logging for Kubernetes?
a) A way to collect and analyze logs from Kubernetes clusters
b) A way to manage cloud storage for Kubernetes
c) A way to build applications for Kubernetes

Answer: A

49) Can New Relic be used for on-premise application tracing?
a) Yes, with New Relic APM
b) No, only cloud-based application tracing is supported
c) Yes, with New Relic Infrastructure

Answer: A

50) What is New Relic Query Language (NRQL) Alerts?
a) A way to create alerts based on NRQL queries
b) A messaging platform for businesses
c) A way to create and manage social media posts

Answer: A

1. What is Grafana?
   a) A database management system
   b) A data visualization and analytics tool
   c) A programming language

Answer: b) A data visualization and analytics tool

2. Which data sources can Grafana connect to?
   a) Only SQL databases
   b) Only NoSQL databases
   c) Both SQL and NoSQL databases

Answer: c) Both SQL and NoSQL databases

3. What is a metric in Grafana?
   a) A collection of data points
   b) A type of dashboard panel
   c) A visualization tool

Answer: a) A collection of data points

4. How can you create a new dashboard in Grafana?
   a) Using the CLI only
   b) Using the web UI only
   c) Both using the CLI and the web UI

Answer: c) Both using the CLI and the web UI

5. Which language is used to write functions in Grafana?
   a) JavaScript
   b) Python
   c) Ruby

Answer: a) JavaScript

6. What is a query in Grafana?
   a) A way to retrieve data from a data source
   b) A way to create visualizations
   c) A way to schedule alerts

Answer: a) A way to retrieve data from a data source

7. What is a panel in Grafana?
   a) A type of query
   b) A way to visualize data
   c) A type of alert

Answer: b) A way to visualize data

8. What is the difference between a dashboard and a panel in Grafana?
   a) A dashboard is a collection of panels, while a panel is a single visualization
   b) A dashboard is a single visualization, while a panel is a collection of visualizations
   c) There is no difference between a dashboard and a panel

Answer: a) A dashboard is a collection of panels, while a panel is a single visualization

9. What is a data source in Grafana?
   a) An external database that stores data used by Grafana
   b) A type of visualization tool
   c) A type of alert

Answer: a) An external database that stores data used by Grafana

10. Can you use Grafana for monitoring infrastructure?
    a) Yes, but it requires additional plugins
    b) No, Grafana is only for data visualization
    c) Yes, Grafana has built-in support for monitoring infrastructure

Answer: c) Yes, Grafana has built-in support for monitoring infrastructure

11. What is a plugin in Grafana?
    a) A way to add additional functionality to Grafana
    b) A way to create visualizations
    c) A type of alert

Answer: a) A way to add additional functionality to Grafana

12. Which programming language is used to write plugins in Grafana?
    a) JavaScript
    b) Python
    c) Ruby

Answer: a) JavaScript

13. What is Loki in Grafana?
    a) A monitoring tool for Kubernetes
    b) A logging aggregation system
    c) A visualization tool

Answer: b) A logging aggregation system

14. What is the advantage of using Grafana with Prometheus for monitoring?
    a) Grafana provides a better interface for Prometheus data
    b) Prometheus provides a better interface for Grafana data
    c) There is no advantage

Answer: a) Grafana provides a better interface for Prometheus data

15. What is Alertmanager in Grafana?
    a) A way to schedule alerts
    b) A tool for managing alerts from Prometheus
    c) A way to send notifications of alerts to different channels

Answer: c) A way to send notifications of alerts to different channels

16. Can you customize the time range for dashboards in Grafana?
    a) No, the time range is fixed
    b) Yes, the time range can be customized
    c) Only for certain visualizations

Answer: b) Yes, the time range can be customized

17. What is a template variable in Grafana?
    a) An input field that can be used to filter data
    b) A type of dashboard panel
    c) A way to create visualizations

Answer: a) An input field that can be used to filter data

18. What is a Grafana annotation?
    a) A way to mark specific events on a graph
    b) A way to mark the start or end of a dashboard panel
    c) A type of filter for visualizations

Answer: a) A way to mark specific events on a graph

19. What is a conditional legend in Grafana?
    a) A way to customize the legend based on data values
    b) A way to hide the legend
    c) A way to change the legend position

Answer: a) A way to customize the legend based on data values

20. Can you use Grafana with AWS CloudWatch?
    a) Yes, but it requires additional plugins
    b) No, Grafana does not support CloudWatch
    c) Yes, Grafana has built-in support for CloudWatch

Answer: c) Yes, Grafana has built-in support for CloudWatch

21. Which data visualization types are available in Grafana?
    a) Only line and bar charts
    b) Only area charts
    c) Line, bar, area, pie, and more

Answer: c) Line, bar, area, pie, and more

22. What is a datasource proxy in Grafana?
    a) A way to connect to data sources that are only available on a specific network
    b) A type of alert
    c) A tool for managing data sources

Answer: a) A way to connect to data sources that are only available on a specific network

23. Which databases can Grafana connect to?
    a) Only MySQL
    b) Only Oracle
    c) Multiple databases including MySQL, Oracle, InfluxDB, and more

Answer: c) Multiple databases including MySQL, Oracle, InfluxDB, and more

24. What is a dashboard snapshot in Grafana?
    a) A way to save a copy of a dashboard for later use
    b) A way to take a screenshot of a dashboard panel
    c) A type of visualization for multiple dashboards

Answer: a) A way to save a copy of a dashboard for later use

25. Can you share a dashboard in Grafana?
    a) No, dashboards can only be viewed by the creator
    b) Yes, dashboards can be shared with specific users or groups
    c) Yes, dashboards are automatically public

Answer: b) Yes, dashboards can be shared with specific users or groups

26. What is a heatmap in Grafana?
    a) A visualization tool for time-series data
    b) A way to represent data using colors
    c) A type of panel in a dashboard

Answer: b) A way to represent data using colors

27. What is a gauge in Grafana?
    a) A type of panel in a dashboard
    b) A way to display a single value across a range of values
    c) A visualization tool for time-series data

Answer: b) A way to display a single value across a range of values

28. What is a histogram in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a bar chart
    b) A way to visualize data using a line chart
    c) A way to visualize data using a distribution plot

Answer: c) A way to visualize data using a distribution plot

29. What is a table panel in Grafana?
    a) A tool for managing data sources
    b) A way to display data in tabular form
    c) A way to customize the look and feel of a dashboard

Answer: b) A way to display data in tabular form

30. What is a Sankey diagram in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a network diagram
    b) A way to visualize data using a tree structure
    c) A way to visualize data using a flow chart

Answer: c) A way to visualize data using a flow chart

31. What is a scatter plot in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a dot chart
    b) A way to visualize data using a bar chart
    c) A way to visualize data using a heat map

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a dot chart

32. Can you create a custom panel in Grafana?
    a) No, only the built-in panels are available
    b) Yes, using a plugin or custom code
    c) Yes, using a dashboard widget

Answer: b) Yes, using a plugin or custom code

33. Can you use Grafana to monitor network traffic?
    a) Yes, but it requires additional plugins
    b) No, Grafana does not support network monitoring
    c) Yes, Grafana has built-in support for network monitoring

Answer: a) Yes, but it requires additional plugins

34. What is a spider diagram in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a spider web-like structure
    b) A way to visualize data using a pie chart
    c) A way to visualize data using a tree structure

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a spider web-like structure

35. What is a funnel chart in Grafana?
    a) A way to represent data using a funnel shape
    b) A way to represent data using a pie chart
    c) A way to represent data using a stacked bar chart

Answer: a) A way to represent data using a funnel shape

36. Can you use Grafana to visualize data from multiple data sources?
    a) No, Grafana is limited to a single data source per dashboard
    b) Yes, Grafana supports multiple data sources per dashboard
    c) Only for certain visualizations

Answer: b) Yes, Grafana supports multiple data sources per dashboard

37. What is a sunburst chart in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a circle divided into sections
    b) A way to visualize data using a hexagonal grid
    c) A way to visualize data using a Sankey diagram

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a circle divided into sections

38. What is a network diagram in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a graph
    b) A way to visualize data using a Sankey diagram
    c) A way to visualize data using a spider diagram

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a graph

39. What is a radar chart in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a polar chart
    b) A way to visualize data using a tree structure
    c) A way to visualize data using a flow chart

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a polar chart

40. Can you use Grafana to monitor logs?
    a) No, Grafana is only for data visualization
    b) Yes, using Loki
    c) Yes, but it requires additional plugins

Answer: b) Yes, using Loki

41. What is a timeline chart in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a Gantt chart
    b) A way to visualize data using a scatter plot
    c) A way to visualize data using a line chart

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a Gantt chart

42. What is an alert rule in Grafana?
    a) A way to schedule alerts
    b) A way to create custom alerts based on data
    c) A type of panel in a dashboard

Answer: b) A way to create custom alerts based on data

43. What is a histogram panel in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a bar chart
    b) A way to visualize data using a distribution plot
    c) A way to visualize data using a heat map

Answer: b) A way to visualize data using a distribution plot

44. What is a geo map panel in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a map
    b) A way to visualize data using a spider web-like structure
    c) A way to visualize data using a tree structure

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a map

45. What is a gauge panel in Grafana?
    a) A way to visualize data using a gauge
    b) A way to visualize data using a scatter plot
    c) A way to visualize data using a line chart

Answer: a) A way to visualize data using a gauge

46. Can you use Grafana to monitor server performance?
    a) No, Grafana is only for data visualization
    b) Yes, using Prometheus and other plugins
    c) Yes, but it requires additional plugins

Answer: b) Yes, using Prometheus and other plugins

47. What is a singlestat panel in Grafana?
    a) A way to display a single statistic
    b) A way to display multiple statistics
    c) A way to display a histogram

Answer: a) A way to display a single statistic

48. What is a time series panel in Grafana?
    a) A way to display time-series data using a line chart
    b) A way to display data using a pie chart
    c) A way to display data using a bar chart

Answer: a) A way to display time-series data using a line chart

49. What is an alert dashboard in Grafana?
    a) A type of panel in a dashboard
    b) A way to visualize and manage alerts
    c) A way to customize the look and feel of a dashboard

Answer: b) A way to visualize and manage alerts

50. What is a variable syntax in Grafana?
    a) A way to customize the template variables used in a dashboard
    b) A way to customize the SQL query used to retrieve data
    c) A way to customize the look and feel of a panel

Answer: a) A way to customize the template variables used in a dashboard

1. What is Kibana?
   a) A database
   b) A visualization tool
   c) A programming language
   d) A search engine

Answer: b

2. What is the main function of Kibana?
   a) Data analysis
   b) Data visualization
   c) Data storage
   d) Data extraction
   Answer: b
3. What type of data can be visualized using Kibana?
   a) Structured data
   b) Unstructured data
   c) Both structured and unstructured data
   d) None of the above
   Answer: c
4. What is Elasticsearch?
   a) A programming language
   b) A database
   c) A search engine
   d) A visualization tool
   Answer: c
5. What is the relationship between Elasticsearch and Kibana?
   a) Elasticsearch is a prerequisite for Kibana
   b) Kibana is a prerequisite for Elasticsearch
   c) Elasticsearch and Kibana are not related
   d) Elasticsearch and Kibana are both independent visualization tools
   Answer: a
6. What is the purpose of the Discover feature in Kibana?
   a) To visualize data
   b) To search and filter data
   c) To store data
   d) To extract data
   Answer: b
7. What is the purpose of the Visualize feature in Kibana?
   a) To search and filter data
   b) To store data
   c) To extract data
   d) To create charts and graphs to visualize data
   Answer: d
8. What is the purpose of the Dashboard feature in Kibana?
   a) To search and filter data
   b) To store data
   c) To extract data
   d) To create a collection of visualizations to display on a single page
   Answer: d
9. Can Kibana be used without Elasticsearch?
   a) Yes, Kibana can be used independently
   b) No, Kibana requires Elasticsearch
   c) Kibana can be used with any database
   d) Kibana is not a standalone tool
   Answer: b
10. What is the purpose of the Timelion feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To visualize time series data
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

11. What is the purpose of the Canvas feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

12. What is the purpose of the Machine Learning feature in Kibana?
    a) To create custom visualizations and reports
    b) To search and filter data
    c) To perform predictive analysis
    d) To extract data

Answer: c

13. What is the purpose of the Alerting feature in Kibana?
    a) To create custom visualizations and reports
    b) To search and filter data
    c) To perform predictive analysis
    d) To monitor and notify about changes in data

Answer: d

14. What is the purpose of the Infrastructure feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor the health and performance of servers and applications
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

15. What is the purpose of the APM (Application Performance Monitoring) feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor the health and performance of servers and applications
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

16. What is the purpose of the SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor security events and threats
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

17. How is data imported into Kibana?
    a) Data is imported directly from sources such as databases and APIs
    b) Data is uploaded to Kibana manually
    c) Data is imported using the Logstash tool
    d) Both A and C are correct

Answer: d

18. Can Kibana be used to modify data stored in Elasticsearch?
    a) Yes, Kibana provides editing tools for data in Elasticsearch
    b) No, Kibana is a visualization tool only and cannot modify data
    c) Kibana can only modify data in certain types of databases
    d) Kibana can only modify data when used with additional plugins

Answer: b

19. What is the purpose of the Dev Tools feature in Kibana?
    a) To create custom visualizations and reports
    b) To search and filter data
    c) To extract data
    d) To execute Elasticsearch API commands and test queries

Answer: d

20. What is the purpose of the Rollup feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To aggregate and summarize data from large datasets
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

21. Can Kibana be used for real-time data analysis?
    a) Yes, Kibana can analyze real-time streaming data
    b) No, Kibana can only analyze static datasets
    c) Kibana can only analyze data imported from databases
    d) Kibana can only analyze data in certain formats

Answer: a

22. What is the purpose of the Watcher feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To search and filter data
    c) To extract data
    d) To automate actions based on changes in data

Answer: d

23. Can Kibana be used for anomaly detection?
    a) Yes, Kibana provides machine learning features for anomaly detection
    b) No, Kibana is not suited for anomaly detection
    c) Kibana can only detect anomalies in certain types of data
    d) Kibana can only detect anomalies in data with predefined patterns

Answer: a

24. What is the purpose of the Canvas Workpad feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

25. What is the purpose of the Graph feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To visualize graph databases
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

26. What is the purpose of the Maps feature in Kibana?
    a) To visualize and analyze geographic data
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

27. What is the purpose of the Alerting Rules feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor and notify about changes in data
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

28. What is the purpose of the Cluster Monitoring feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor the health and performance of Elasticsearch clusters
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

29. What is the purpose of the User Management feature in Kibana?
    a) To manage user access to Kibana
    b) To manage user access to Elasticsearch
    c) To create custom visualizations and reports
    d) To search and filter data

Answer: a

30. What is the purpose of the Logstash tool?
    a) To import data into Kibana
    b) To modify data stored in Elasticsearch
    c) To monitor and analyze real-time streaming data
    d) To parse and transform data before storing it in Elasticsearch

Answer: d

31. What is the purpose of the Heartbeat feature in Kibana?
    a) To monitor the health and performance of servers and applications
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

32. What is the purpose of the Jupyter Notebook Integration feature in Kibana?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To execute analytical code and share results in Kibana dashboards

Answer: d

33. What is the purpose of the Kibana Spaces feature?
    a) To organize and manage Kibana dashboards and visualizations
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

34. What is the purpose of the Kibana Reporting feature?
    a) To generate reports and export data from Kibana
    b) To monitor and notify about changes in data
    c) To create custom visualizations and reports
    d) To perform predictive analysis

Answer: a

35. What is the purpose of the Kibana Rollup Jobs feature?
    a) To create machine learning models
    b) To aggregate and summarize data from large datasets
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: b

36. What is the purpose of the Kibana Index Management feature?
    a) To manage Elasticsearch indexes
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

37. What is the purpose of the Kibana Search feature?
    a) To search for data within Kibana
    b) To search for data within Elasticsearch
    c) To create custom visualizations and reports
    d) To perform predictive analysis

Answer: b

38. What is the purpose of the Kibana Core Types feature?
    a) To define the data types used in Elasticsearch indexes
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

39. What is the purpose of the Kibana Spaces Management API feature?
    a) To manage Kibana Spaces programmatically
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

40. What is the purpose of the Kibana Management feature?
    a) To manage Kibana settings and configurations
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

41. What is the purpose of the Kibana Operations API feature?
    a) To manage and monitor Kibana clusters and instances
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

42. What is the purpose of the Kibana Saved Objects Management feature?
    a) To manage saved objects in Kibana, such as dashboards and visualizations
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

43. What is the purpose of the Kibana API Console feature?
    a) To execute Elasticsearch API commands and test queries
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

44. What is the purpose of the Kibana Management Console feature?
    a) To manage and configure Kibana settings and plugins
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

45. What is the purpose of the Kibana Management UI feature?
    a) To manage and configure Kibana settings and plugins
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

46. What is the purpose of the Kibana Machine Learning API feature?
    a) To execute machine learning operations and algorithms in Elasticsearch
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

47. What is the purpose of the Kibana Monitoring feature?
    a) To monitor the health and performance of Kibana instances and clusters
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

48. What is the purpose of the Kibana Security API feature?
    a) To manage Kibana security settings and configurations
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

49. What is the purpose of the Kibana Snapshot and Restore API feature?
    a) To manage Elasticsearch snapshots and restores in Kibana
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

50. What is the purpose of the Kibana Usage API feature?
    a) To monitor Kibana usage and performance metrics
    b) To create custom visualizations and reports
    c) To search and filter data
    d) To extract data

Answer: a

1. What is Elasticsearch?

a) A database management system
b) A search engine
c) An operating system
d) A programming language

Answer: b

2. What is a cluster in Elasticsearch?

a) A group of indices
b) A group of documents
c) A group of nodes
d) A group of databases

Answer: c

3. What is an index in Elasticsearch?

a) A data structure that organizes documents into logical groups
b) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
c) A method of storing data in a database
d) A way to control access to certain documents

Answer: a

4. What is a document in Elasticsearch?

a) A group of related indices
b) A group of related nodes
c) A structured piece of data
d) A set of search results

Answer: c

5. What is a shard in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to split an index into smaller pieces
b) A way to split a document into smaller pieces
c) A way to split a cluster into smaller pieces
d) A way to split a query into smaller pieces

Answer: a

6. What is the default port number for Elasticsearch?

a) 80
b) 443
c) 9200
d) 9300

Answer: c

7. What is a node in Elasticsearch?

a) A type of query
b) A physical or virtual server that stores data and processes requests
c) A way to organize documents within an index
d) A type of data structure

Answer: b

8. What is a query in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to create or modify an index
b) A way to retrieve data from an index
c) A set of filters applied to an index
d) A way to visualize data in an index

Answer: b

9. What is the difference between an aggregation and a filter in Elasticsearch?

a) An aggregation groups and summarizes data, while a filter restricts data based on specific criteria.
b) An aggregation restricts data based on specific criteria, while a filter groups and summarizes data.
c) An aggregation orders data based on specific criteria, while a filter searches for specific data.
d) An aggregation and a filter are the same thing.

Answer: a

10. What is a term query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
b) A query that finds similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm
c) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
d) A query that searches for synonyms of a term

Answer: a

11. What is a match query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm
b) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
c) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
d) A query that searches for synonyms of a term

Answer: b

12. What is a wildcard query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
b) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
c) A query that searches for similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm
d) A query that searches for matches using a pattern that includes wildcards

Answer: d

13. What is a range query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches of a term within a specific range of values
b) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
c) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
d) A query that searches for similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm

Answer: a

14. What is a full-text query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
b) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
c) A query that searches for similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm
d) A query that searches for matches using a full-text search engine

Answer: d

15. What is a match_phrase query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches of a term within a specific range of values
b) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
c) A query that searches for similar terms based on a defined similarity algorithm
d) A query that searches for matches of a phrase in a specific field

Answer: d

16. What is the purpose of the text mapping fields in Elasticsearch?

a) To store full-text data
b) To store numerical data
c) To store binary data
d) To store boolean data

Answer: a

17. What is a term vector in Elasticsearch?

a) A data structure that stores information about how often terms occur in a document
b) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
c) An aggregation that groups and summarizes data
d) A filter that restricts data based on specific criteria

Answer: a

18. What is a parent-child relationship in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to organize documents within an index
b) A way to link documents in different indices
c) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
d) A way to split an index into smaller pieces

Answer: b

19. What is a scroll API in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to retrieve large sets of data without overloading the cluster
b) A way to modify the index settings
c) A way to create or delete an index
d) A way to visualize data in an index

Answer: a

20. What is a bulk API in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to modify the index settings
b) A way to create or delete an index
c) A way to retrieve large sets of data without overloading the cluster
d) A way to search for data using complex queries

Answer: c

21. What is a term aggregation in Elasticsearch?

a) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their term frequency
b) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their date range
c) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their geographic location
d) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on a defined similarity algorithm

Answer: a

22. What is a date histogram aggregation in Elasticsearch?

a) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their term frequency
b) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their date range
c) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their geographic location
d) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on a defined similarity algorithm

Answer: b

23. What is a geo-distance aggregation in Elasticsearch?

a) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their term frequency
b) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their date range
c) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their geographic location
d) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on a defined similarity algorithm

Answer: c

24. What is a significant terms aggregation in Elasticsearch?

a) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their term frequency
b) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their date range
c) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their geographic location
d) An aggregation that groups values into buckets based on their statistical significance

Answer: d

25. What is a query string query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for an exact match of a specified term
b) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
c) A query that searches for matches based on a Boolean expression of multiple terms
d) A query that searches for matches based on a similarity algorithm of a specified term

Answer: c

26. What is the difference between a filter and a query in Elasticsearch?

a) A filter searches for relevant documents, while a query retrieves all documents.
b) A filter is faster and more efficient than a query.
c) A query searches for relevant documents, while a filter retrieves all documents.
d) A filter and a query are the same thing.

Answer: c

27. What is a script query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that uses a predefined script to evaluate document relevance
b) A query that searches for an exact match of a specified term
c) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
d) A query that searches for matches based on a Boolean expression of multiple terms

Answer: a

28. What is a prefix query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches using a pattern that includes wildcards
b) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
c) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
d) A query that searches for matches of a term with a specified prefix

Answer: d

29. What is a boosting query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that increases the relevance of certain documents based on specific criteria
b) A query that searches for an exact match of a specified term
c) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
d) A query that searches for matches based on a Boolean expression of multiple terms

Answer: a

30. What is a constant score query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that returns all documents with a constant score of 1.0
b) A query that increases the relevance of certain documents based on specific criteria
c) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
d) A query that searches for matches based on a Boolean expression of multiple terms

Answer: a

31. What is a minimum_should_match parameter in Elasticsearch?

a) The minimum number of terms that should match in a query
b) The minimum score that a document should have to be considered a match
c) The minimum number of documents that should be retrieved in a search
d) The minimum number of shards that a search should be executed on

Answer: a

32. What is a dis_max query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that returns documents that match any of the specified queries
b) A query that returns documents that match all of the specified queries
c) A query that returns the documents with the highest scores
d) A query that returns the documents with the lowest scores

Answer: a

33. What is a multi_match query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that searches for matches of a term in any field
b) A query that searches for exact matches of a term in a specific field
c) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
d) A query that searches for matches of a term in multiple fields

Answer: d

34. What is a function score query in Elasticsearch?

a) A query that increases the relevance of certain documents based on specific criteria
b) A query that searches for matches based on text analysis of a specified phrase
c) A query that searches for matches based on a Boolean expression of multiple terms
d) A query that returns the documents with the highest scores

Answer: a

35. What is a scoring algorithm in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to rank documents based on their relevance to a query
b) A way to group documents into logical clusters
c) A way to split an index into smaller pieces
d) A way to organize documents within an index

Answer: a

36. What is a synonym filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A filter that changes the terms in a query to their synonyms before executing the query
b) A filter that restricts data based on specific criteria
c) A filter that groups and summarizes data
d) A filter that orders data based on specific criteria

Answer: a

37. What is a stop word filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A filter that removes common words from a query before executing the query
b) A filter that restricts data based on specific criteria
c) A filter that groups and summarizes data
d) A filter that orders data based on specific criteria

Answer: a

38. What is a stemmer filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A filter that reduces words to their root form before executing the query
b) A filter that restricts data based on specific criteria
c) A filter that groups and summarizes data
d) A filter that orders data based on specific criteria

Answer: a

39. What is an analyzer in Elasticsearch?

a) A set of rules for text analysis
b) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
c) A way to organize documents within an index
d) A way to split an index into smaller pieces

Answer: a

40. What is a token in Elasticsearch?

a) A unit of text after it has been analyzed
b) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
c) A way to organize documents within an index
d) A way to split an index into smaller pieces

Answer: a

41. What is a synonym token filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A token filter that changes a token to its synonyms
b) A token filter that removes common words
c) A token filter that reduces words to their root form
d) A token filter that splits words based on patterns

Answer: a

42. What is a stop word token filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A token filter that removes common words
b) A token filter that changes a token to its synonyms
c) A token filter that reduces words to their root form
d) A token filter that splits words based on patterns

Answer: a

43. What is a stemmer token filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A token filter that reduces words to their root form
b) A token filter that removes common words
c) A token filter that changes a token to its synonyms
d) A token filter that splits words based on patterns

Answer: a

44. What is a lowercase token filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A token filter that converts all tokens to lowercase
b) A token filter that removes common words
c) A token filter that reduces words to their root form
d) A token filter that changes a token to its synonyms

Answer: a

45. What is a char filter in Elasticsearch?

a) A filter that processes text before it is analyzed
b) A way to organize documents within an index
c) A way to split an index into smaller pieces
d) A filter that restricts data based on specific criteria

Answer: a

46. What is a mapping in Elasticsearch?

a) A way to define how data is stored and indexed in Elasticsearch
b) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria
c) A way to organize documents within an index
d) A way to split an index into smaller pieces

Answer: a

47. What is a field in Elasticsearch?

a) A unit of data in a document that can be queried and analyzed
b) A way to organize documents within an index
c) A way to split an index into smaller pieces
d) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria

Answer: a

48. What is a nested field in Elasticsearch?

a) A field that contains one or more sub-fields
b) A field that is analyzed and searchable
c) A field that is not analyzed and not searchable
d) A field that contains an array of values

Answer: a

49. What is a geo-point field in Elasticsearch?

a) A field that contains latitude and longitude values
b) A way to organize documents within an index
c) A way to split an index into smaller pieces
d) A type of query that retrieves documents based on specific criteria

Answer: a

50. What is a geo-shape field in Elasticsearch?

a) A field that contains complex geometric shapes
b) A field that is analyzed and searchable
c) A field that is not analyzed and not searchable
d) A field that contains an array of values

Answer: a

1. What is Kotlin?

a. An object-oriented programming language
b. A markup language
c. A database management system
d. A server-side framework

Answer: a. An object-oriented programming language

2. Which company developed Kotlin?

a. Google
b. JetBrains
c. Oracle
d. IBM

Answer: b. JetBrains

3. Which platform does Kotlin target?

a. iOS
b. Android
c. Windows
d. macOS

Answer: b. Android

4. What is null safety in Kotlin?

a. A feature that prevents NullPointerExceptions
b. A feature that allows only null values
c. A feature that enables dynamic typing
d. A feature that ensures thread safety

Answer: a. A feature that prevents NullPointerExceptions

5. What is the default visibility of a class declared in Kotlin?

a. Private
b. Public
c. Protected
d. Internal

Answer: d. Internal

6. What are the different types of constructors available in Kotlin?

a. Default constructor and secondary constructor
b. Primary constructor and inner constructor
c. Protected constructor and public constructor
d. Parent constructor and child constructor

Answer: a. Default constructor and secondary constructor

7. Which keyword is used to create a singleton class in Kotlin?

a. object
b. class
c. singleton
d. static

Answer: a. object

8. What is the use of a companion object in Kotlin?

a. To create a static method or variable
b. To create an instance of a class
c. To define a constructor
d. To declare a null object

Answer: a. To create a static method or variable

9. Which of the following is not a basic data type in Kotlin?

a. boolean
b. byte
c. char
d. float

Answer: d. float

10. Which keyword is used to create an abstract class in Kotlin?

a. abstract
b. class
c. abstracted
d. abc

Answer: a. abstract

11. What is the use of the operator keyword in Kotlin?

a. To overload an operator
b. To specify an algorithm
c. To define a function
d. To declare a variable

Answer: a. To overload an operator

12. What is the use of the lateinit keyword in Kotlin?

a. To declare a variable that will be initialized later
b. To declare a constant
c. To declare a nullable variable
d. To declare a final variable

Answer: a. To declare a variable that will be initialized later

13. Which keyword is used to declare a variable that cannot be reassigned?

a. val
b. var
c. const
d. final

Answer: a. val

14. What is the use of the safe call operator in Kotlin?

a. To avoid NullPointerExceptions
b. To access a variable
c. To define a function
d. To declare a class

Answer: a. To avoid NullPointerExceptions

15. Which function is used in Kotlin to convert a string to an integer?

a. toInt()
b. parseInt()
c. fromString()
d. convertInt()

Answer: a. toInt()

16. What is the use of the when expression in Kotlin?

a. To replace if-else statements
b. To declare a variable
c. To define a function
d. To access a class

Answer: a. To replace if-else statements

17. What is the use of the assert() function in Kotlin?

a. To check a condition and terminate the program if it is false
b. To print the value of a variable
c. To define a function
d. To declare a class

Answer: a. To check a condition and terminate the program if it is false

18. Which keyword is used to declare a function that doesn’t return any value?

a. void
b. Unit
c. fun
d. none

Answer: b. Unit

19. What is the use of the apply() function in Kotlin?

a. To initialize an object
b. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable
c. To inherit a class
d. To declare a constant

Answer: a. To initialize an object

20. What is the use of the with() function in Kotlin?

a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable
b. To access a class
c. To declare a function
d. To define a constructor

Answer: a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable

21. Which operator is used for safe navigation in Kotlin?

a. ?
b. !!
c. ?:
d. ?.

Answer: d. ?.

22. What is the use of the lazy() function in Kotlin?

a. To initialize a variable only when it is used for the first time
b. To declare a final variable
c. To declare a nullable variable
d. To define a function

Answer: a. To initialize a variable only when it is used for the first time

23. What is the use of the take() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a specified number of elements from a collection
b. To remove a specified number of elements from a collection
c. To sort a collection
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: a. To return a specified number of elements from a collection

24. Which function is used to create a list in Kotlin?

a. arrayListOf()
b. listOf()
c. mutableListOf()
d. setOf()

Answer: b. listOf()

25. What is the use of the until keyword in Kotlin?

a. To specify a range of numbers
b. To access a class
c. To define a constructor
d. To declare a function

Answer: a. To specify a range of numbers

26. What is the use of the ?: operator in Kotlin?

a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable
b. To access a class
c. To declare a function
d. To provide a default value for a nullable variable

Answer: d. To provide a default value for a nullable variable

27. What is the use of the ?.let() function in Kotlin?

a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable
b. To provide a default value for a nullable variable
c. To map a collection to a new collection
d. To sort a collection

Answer: a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable

28. Which function is used to create a set in Kotlin?

a. setOf()
b. mutableSetOf()
c. hashSetOf()
d. all of the above

Answer: d. all of the above

29. What is the use of the filter() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
b. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection
c. To sort a collection
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition

30. What is the use of the reduce() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
b. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value

31. What is the use of the fold() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
b. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value

32. What is the use of the distinct() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains only the unique elements of the original collection
b. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To sort a collection

Answer: a. To return a new collection that contains only the unique elements of the original collection

33. What is the use of the groupBy() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a map of elements grouped by a given key
b. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To sort a collection

Answer: a. To return a map of elements grouped by a given key

34. Which function is used to create a map in Kotlin?

a. mapOf()
b. hashMapOf()
c. mutableMapOf()
d. all of the above

Answer: d. all of the above

35. What is the use of the to() function in Kotlin?

a. To declare a variable
b. To define a function
c. To create a pair of values
d. To access a class

Answer: c. To create a pair of values

36. What is the use of the mutableListOf() function in Kotlin?

a. To create an immutable list
b. To create a mutable list
c. To create a set
d. To create a map

Answer: b. To create a mutable list

37. What is the use of the sorted() function in Kotlin?

a. To sort a collection in natural order
b. To sort a collection in reverse order
c. To shuffle a collection
d. To filter a collection

Answer: a. To sort a collection in natural order

38. What is the use of the reversed() function in Kotlin?

a. To sort a collection in natural order
b. To sort a collection in reverse order
c. To shuffle a collection
d. To filter a collection

Answer: b. To sort a collection in reverse order

39. What is the use of the shuffle() function in Kotlin?

a. To sort a collection in natural order
b. To sort a collection in reverse order
c. To shuffle a collection
d. To filter a collection

Answer: c. To shuffle a collection

40. What is the use of the takeWhile() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
b. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection
c. To return a new collection that contains elements until a given condition is no longer met
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: c. To return a new collection that contains elements until a given condition is no longer met

41. What is the use of the joinToString() function in Kotlin?

a. To convert a collection to a string
b. To filter a collection
c. To sort a collection
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: a. To convert a collection to a string

42. What is the use of the let() function in Kotlin?

a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable
b. To provide a default value for a nullable variable
c. To define a function
d. To access a class

Answer: a. To execute a block of code with a nullable variable

43. What is the use of the forEach() function in Kotlin?

a. To loop through a collection and perform an action on each element
b. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To declare a variable

Answer: a. To loop through a collection and perform an action on each element

44. What is the use of the mapNotNull() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection
b. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: a. To return a new collection that contains only the non-null elements of the original collection

45. What is the use of the zip() function in Kotlin?

a. To combine two collections into a single list of pairs
b. To filter a collection
c. To sort a collection
d. To map a collection to a new collection

Answer: a. To combine two collections into a single list of pairs

46. What is the use of the flatMap() function in Kotlin?

a. To map a collection to a new collection
b. To combine nested collections into a single collection
c. To sort a collection
d. To filter a collection

Answer: b. To combine nested collections into a single collection

47. What is the use of the distinctBy() function in Kotlin?

a. To return a new collection that contains all elements matching a given condition
b. To return a new collection that contains only the unique elements of the original collection based on a key selector
c. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value
d. To sort a collection

Answer: b. To return a new collection that contains only the unique elements of the original collection based on a key selector

48. What is the use of the sortedBy() function in Kotlin?

a. To sort a collection in natural order based on a key selector
b. To sort a collection in reverse order based on a key selector
c. To shuffle a collection based on a key selector
d. To filter a collection based on a key selector

Answer: a. To sort a collection in natural order based on a key selector

49. What is the use of the associateBy() function in Kotlin?

a. To filter a collection based on a key selector
b. To sort a collection based on a key selector
c. To map a collection to a new collection with keys based on a key selector
d. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value based on a key selector

Answer: c. To map a collection to a new collection with keys based on a key selector

50. What is the use of the mapKeys() function in Kotlin?

a. To filter a collection based on a key selector
b. To sort a collection based on a key selector
c. To map a collection to a new collection with keys based on a key selector
d. To combine the elements of a collection into a single value based on a key selector

Answer: c. To map a collection to a new collection with keys based on a key selector

1. What does MATLAB stand for?

A. Matrix Laboratory
B. Machine Language Tool
C. Memory Algorithm Test Lab
D. Master Analysis Toolkit

Answer: A

2. Which of the following is not a built-in data type in MATLAB?

A. double
B. int
C. float
D. char

Answer: C

3. What does the “clc” command do in MATLAB?

A. Clears the command window
B. Clears the workspace
C. Clears the screen
D. Creates a new window

Answer: A

4. How do you create a row vector in MATLAB?

A. Using the colon operator
B. Using the comma operator
C. Using the semicolon operator
D. Using the period operator

Answer: A

5. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2; 3 4];
a(2,1)

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer: C

6. Which of the following is not a valid logical operator in MATLAB?

A. &&
B. ||
C. !
D. &

Answer: D

7. Which of the following functions is used to find the absolute value of a number in MATLAB?

A. abs()
B. ceil()
C. floor()
D. round()

Answer: A

8. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [4 5 6];
c = [a,b];
c(5)

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer: D

9. Which of the following functions is used to generate a random number in MATLAB?

A. rand()
B. round()
C. ceil()
D. floor()

Answer: A

10. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [1; 2; 3];
c = a * b;

A.
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9

B.
14

C.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

D.
1 2
2 4
3 6

Answer: C

11. How do you add a new element to the end of a vector in MATLAB?

A. Using the cat() function
B. Using the push() function
C. Using the append() function
D. Using square brackets []

Answer: D

12. How do you create a new line in the command window in MATLAB?

A. Using the enter key
B. Using the tab key
C. Using the shift key
D. Using the control key

Answer: A

13. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = a .* b;

A.
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9

B.
14

C.
6 24 54

D.
2 8 18

Answer: D

14. Which of the following is not a valid conditional statement in MATLAB?

A. if-else
B. switch-case
C. while
D. for

Answer: C

15. How do you find the length of a vector in MATLAB?

A. Using the size() function
B. Using the length() function
C. Using the numel() function
D. Using the dims() function

Answer: B

16. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [1; 2; 3];
c = a + b;

A.
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9

B.
14

C.
2 3 4
3 4 5
4 5 6

D.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

Answer: D

17. Which of the following functions is used to find the maximum value of a vector in MATLAB?

A. max()
B. min()
C. mean()
D. sum()

Answer: A

18. How do you access the help documentation for a function in MATLAB?

A. Using the help() function
B. Using the ? operator
C. Using the info() function
D. Using the man() function

Answer: B

19. What is the output of the following code:

a = -5:5;
a(3:8)

A.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3

B.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

C.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

D.
Error: Index exceeds matrix dimensions.

Answer: A

20. How do you clear all variables from the workspace in MATLAB?

A. Using the clear command
B. Using the delete command
C. Using the reset command
D. Using the new command

Answer: A

21. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = a’;
c = b(2);

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. Error: Index exceeds matrix dimensions.

Answer: B

22. Which of the following functions can be used to read data from a text file in MATLAB?

A. read()
B. load()
C. import()
D. textread()

Answer: D

23. How do you convert a string to a number in MATLAB?

A. Using the double() function
B. Using the str2num() function
C. Using the num2str() function
D. Using the int() function

Answer: B

24. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [4 5 6];
c = [1 2 3];
d = [a;b;c];
size(d)

A.
3 3

B.
3 9

C.
1 3 3

D.
Error: Dimensions of matrices being concatenated are not consistent.

Answer: B

25. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];
b = [1; 2];
c = a * b;

A.
3 5

B.
7 16

C.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

D.
1 2
4 8

Answer: C

26. Which of the following functions is used to find the roots of a polynomial in MATLAB?

A. roots()
B. polyval()
C. polyfit()
D. polyder()

Answer: A

27. How do you access the nth element of a vector in MATLAB?

A. Using the n() function
B. Using the nth() function
C. Using square brackets []
D. Using the index operator ()

Answer: D

28. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = norm(a-b);

A. 0
B. 1.7321
C. 3
D. Error: Dimensions must agree.

Answer: B

29. Which of the following is not a valid way to define a matrix in MATLAB?

A. Using square brackets []
B. Using the reshape() function
C. Using the ones() function
D. Using the zeros() function

Answer: B

30. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [4 5 6];
c = [1 2 3];
d = [a’;b’;c’];
size(d)

A.
3 3

B.
3 9

C.
1 3 3

D.
3 1 3

Answer: D

31. How do you insert a value into a specific location in a vector or matrix in MATLAB?

A. Using the insert() function
B. Using the overwrite() function
C. Using the replace() function
D. Using the index operator ()

Answer: D

32. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = a * b’;

A.
2 4 6
4 8 12
6 12 18

B.
14

C.
7 14 21

D.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

Answer: C

33. Which of the following functions is used to sort a vector in ascending order in MATLAB?

A. sort()
B. reverse()
C. flip()
D. flipud()

Answer: A

34. How do you create a diagonal matrix in MATLAB?

A. Using the diag() function
B. Using the diagmat() function
C. Using the diagvec() function
D. Using the diagmatrix() function

Answer: A

35. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];
b = [1; 2];
c = [a,b];
d = [b’,a’];

A.
1 2 3 1
4 5 6 2

B.
1 4 2 5 3 6
1 2

C.
1 4
2 5
3 6
1 2

D.
Error: Dimensions of matrices being concatenated are not consistent.

Answer: D

36. Which of the following functions is used to find the eigenvalues of a matrix in MATLAB?

A. eig()
B. trace()
C. det()
D. rank()

Answer: A

37. How do you access the imaginary part of a complex number in MATLAB?

A. Using the real() function
B. Using the imag() function
C. Using the complex() function
D. Using the conj() function

Answer: B

38. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = 2;
c = a .* b;

A.
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9

B.
2 4 6

C.
2 2 2

D.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

Answer: C

39. Which of the following is not a valid way to create a cell array in MATLAB?

A. Using curly braces {}
B. Using the cell() function
C. Using the mat2cell() function
D. Using the struct() function

Answer: D

40. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = a + b’;

A.
3 6 9

B.
1 3
3 6
5 9

C.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

D.
3 6

Answer: B

41. How do you loop through the elements of a vector in MATLAB?

A. Using the for loop
B. Using the while loop
C. Using the do-while loop
D. Using the case loop

Answer: A

42. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = a * b;

A.
3 5

B.
7 16

C.
Error: Inner matrix dimensions must agree.

D.
1 2
4 8

Answer: C

43. Which of the following functions is used to find the index of the maximum value in a vector in MATLAB?

A. max()
B. min()
C. find()
D. sort()

Answer: C

44. How do you access the help documentation for a specific command in MATLAB?

A. Using the help() function followed by the command name
B. Using the ? operator followed by the command name
C. Using the doc() function followed by the command name
D. Using the man() function followed by the command name

Answer: B

45. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = [1 2 3];
d = [a’,b’,c’];
size(d)

A.
3 3

B.
3 9

C.
1 3 3

D.
3 1 3

Answer: B

46. Which of the following functions is used to find the median value of a vector in MATLAB?

A. median()
B. mean()
C. std()
D. var()

Answer: A

47. How do you access the real part of a complex number in MATLAB?

A. Using the real() function
B. Using the imag() function
C. Using the complex() function
D. Using the conj() function

Answer: A

48. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];
b = [1; 2];
c = [a;b];
d = [b’;a’];

A.
1 2 3 1
4 5 6 2

B.
1 4 2 5 3 6
1 2

C.
1 4
2 5
3 6
1 2

D.
Error: Dimensions of matrices being concatenated are not consistent.

Answer: D

49. What is the output of the following code:

a = [1 2 3];
b = [2 4 6];
c = [3 6 9];
d = [a’;b’;c’];
size(d)

A.
3 3

B.
3 9

C.
1 3 3

D.
3 1 3

Answer: B

50. Which of the following functions is used to find the standard deviation of a vector in MATLAB?

A. std()
B. mean()
C. median()
D. var()

Answer: A